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Russian History > The Civil War > Flashcards

The Civil War Flashcards

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1
Q

Factors which allowed the bolsheviks to win (5)

A
  • Trotsky
  • unity and organisation
  • weakness of the whites
  • geographical factors
  • Lenin and war communism
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2
Q

What position was Trotsky appointed to in 1918?

A

Commissar for war

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3
Q

What did Trotsky reintroduce to the red army? (3)

A
  • strict hierarchy
  • saluting
  • pay differentials
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4
Q

Who did Trotsky bring to be in charge of the armies?

A

1000s of tsarist officers

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5
Q

How did Trotsky do to ensure the loyalty of tsarist officers?

A
  • threatened to hold families hostage

* attached political commissars to report on actions of officers

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6
Q

What did Trotsky end within the army?

A
  • soldiers committees

* election of officers

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7
Q

Which areas did the bolsheviks control?

A

Central areas

  • Moscow
  • Petrograd
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8
Q

Why did the bolsheviks move the capital to Moscow?

A

It was the hub of the railway network

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9
Q

What did the bolsheviks have access to by controlling the central area?

A

The main Armament factories

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10
Q

What did the bolsheviks having control of the armament factories mean?

A

The bolsheviks could carry on producing war materials

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11
Q

What fell into the hands of the Bolsheviks?

A

Artillery, rifles and other military equipments of the old Russian army

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12
Q

The central area which the bolsheviks held was heavily populated. How did this help them win the war?

A

The could conscript large number to fight for them and hence out number the whites

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13
Q

Who were the supporters of the whites?

A

Liberals, tsarists, nationalists, separatists, SRs and moderate socialists

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14
Q

Who was in control of the southern volunteer army?

A

General Denikin

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15
Q

Who was the leader of the Omsk government and where were they?

A

Admiral Kolchak

They had control in Siberia

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16
Q

How did geographical factors effect the whites?

A
  • they were separated
  • communications difficult
  • moving men and weapons hard
  • coordinating attacks hard
17
Q

How did the whites communicate with each other?

A

Officers on horseback

18
Q

Why were the whites un unified?

A

They were made of different groups with different aims and beliefs

19
Q

Why didn’t white generals work together?

A

They did not trust or like each other

20
Q

Who was responsible for organising the reds?

A

Trotsky

21
Q

What characteristics did Trotsky have which made him a good leader?

A
  • personally brave

* inspirational leader

22
Q

What was reinstated in the red army?

A

The death penalty

23
Q

What would happen if someone deserted the reds?

A

Machine gunned by there own side

24
Q

What were the characteristics of many white leaders?

A
  • cruel

* treated there men with contempt

25
Q

Who did the whites remind there soldiers of?

A

•the worst aspects of the Russian army and tsarist rule

26
Q

What happened to foreign supplied uniform and munitions in Kolchaks base?

A

Sold on the black market

27
Q

How did officers live in Omsk?

A

Lived in brothels in a haze of cocaine and vodka

28
Q

how did the cheka help the reds win the civil war (3)

A
  1. eliminated political opposition in communist controlled areas
  2. enforced discipline with the army
  3. seized grain
29
Q

how did war communism help the reds win the civil war?

A
  1. ensured high levels of industrial production and food production to feed workers and soldiers
  2. conscription introduced, either work in factory or fight in the army
  3. kept red army supplied
30
Q

What were the four main white armies and who did they each consist of?

A
  1. The omsk government (mainly rightists)
  2. Yudenich’s army in the north west
  3. The southern volunteer army (1000s of army officers as well as kadets and other liberals)
  4. the Komuch (committee of the consitutent assembly, mainly SRs)
31
Q

Who were the greens?

A

peasant armies, many of whom were deserters from other armies, some fought for the Bolsheviks and some against

32
Q

What did Trotsky become in 1918?

A

Commissar for war

Russian History (16 decks)

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