The GIT Flashcards
The gastrointestinal tract is approximately …meters in an adult
4.5
What are the 4 key processes of the GIT?
Motility
* Digestion
* Secretion
* Absorption
What are the 6 steps on the GIT in order?
- Ingestion
- Motility
- Digestion
- Secretion
- Absorption
- Defecation
Pair the parts of the GIT with their function:
- Oral cavity, pharynx,
oesophagus, anal canal - Stomach
- Small intestine
- Large intestine
A. Absorptive
B. Protective
C. Absorptive/protective
D. Secretory
1B, 2D, 3A & 4c
Which of the following is NOT composed of simple squamous epithelium?
- Oral cavity, pharynx,
oesophagus, anal canal - Stomach
- Small intestine
- Large intestine
1 is composed of stratified squamous epithelium
In which parts of the GIT does food get propelled forward?
Esophagus
Stomach
Small & Large intestines
In peristalsis which of the following comes first?
A. Contraction of circulatory muscles
B. Contraction of longitudinal muscles
A.
In peristalsis circulatory muscles contract ahead/behind the food bolus whilst longitudinal muscles contract ahead/behind the food bolus
behind
ahead
Segmentations occurs in which parts of the GIT?
The small and large intestine
T or F
Segmentation is slow
T
T or F
Segmentation is not mechanical digestion
F
There are 9-12 contractions per minute in the small/large intestine and 3-12 contractions per minute in the small/large intestine
small
large
Which function of the GIT am I?
- Mixes chyme with digestive secretions
- Increases exposure to
epithelium for absorption
Segmentation
Involuntary control of the GIT can be caused by…
External stimuli
Long reflexes
Examples of voluntary control of the GIT are…
Ingestion & swallowing
Defecation (some)
Internal stimulation of the GIT tract activates what 3 types of receptors?
Chemoreceptors,
osmoreceptors,
mechanoreceptors
What are the effectors of the GIT tract?
Smooth muscle
or glands
What in the saliva can break down carbohydrates?
salivary amylase
What in the saliva can break down lipids?
lingual lipase
The oral cavity performs what four things for the GIT?
- Ingestion and sensory analysis (pressure, temp and taste) before swallowing
- Mastication (mechanical digestion) – teeth, tongue, and palatal surfaces
- Lubrication – mixing with mucus and salivary secretions (mucins)
- Limited digestion of carbohydrates &
lipids (immediate chemical digestion)
What is the pH of lingual lipase?
pH 3.0 – 6.0
Match the oral cavity glands with their functions:
- Parotid gland
- Submandibular gland
- Sublingual gland:
A. Salivary amylase → starch breakdown
B. Mucus → buffering & lubrication
C. Buffers, glycoproteins (mucin) + salivary amylase
1A, 2C and 3B
Saliva is …% water
99.4
Other than water, what is saliva composed of?
Electrolytes, antibodies, buffers (pH 7.0),
mucins, enzymes, immunoglobulins, lysozomes