Kidneys Flashcards
Each nephron contains a filter known as the …
glomerulus
The kidneys sit on the … wall of the abdomen, outside the … cavity
posterior
peritoneal
The … cappilary network joins the interlobular vein
peritibular
List the four vascular components of the nephrons
1 - Afferent arteriole
2 - Glomerulus (capillaries)
3 - Efferent arteriole
4 - Peritubular capillaries or vasa recta
Where within the nephron does filtration take place?
The glomerulus
T or F
Any substance that ends up in the kidney tubule will get excreted
T
T or F
The renal pelvis connects to the renal vein
F
It is connected to the ureter
… to …% of cardiac output goes to the kidney
20 to 25
The standard, healthy glomerular filtration rate is …ml/min
125
…% of plasma flowing through the kidney is filtered
20
…% of kidney filtrate is reabsorbed by the body
99
Why can creatinine or inulin be used to estimate GFR?
Because they get filtered but not reabsorbed or secreted
Define renal clearance
The volume of plasma the kidneys can clear of a particular substance in a given time.
What eGFR values indicate stage 1 kidney disease?
90+
What eGFR values indicate stage 2 kidney disease?
89-60
What eGFR values indicate stage 3 kidney disease?
59-45
44-30
What eGFR values indicate stage 4 kidney disease?
29-15
What eGFR values indicate stage 5 kidney disease?
Less than 15
Why do patients with kidney disease develop anemia?
Kidneys produce erythropoietin (EPO) a hormone that stimulates bone marrow to produce red blood cells. Diseased or damaged kidneys do not produce sufficient EPO which causes less blood cells to be produced, causing anemia.
What are the 4 main functions of the kidney?
– Regulation of water & electrolyte volume & osmolarity
– Regulation of acid-base balance
– Excretion of metabolic waste products and foreign chemicals
– Secretion of enzymes
Name all the blood vessels associated with the nephron
- Afferent arteriole
- Glomerulus (capillaries)
- Efferent arteriole
- Peritubular capillaries or vasa recta
List the arteries blood flows through to get from the aorta to the afferent arteriole in the kidney
- Renal artery
- Segmental artery
- Interlobular artery
- Arcuate artery
- Cortical radiate artery
List the veins blood flows through to get from the peritubular capillaries/vasa recta to the renal inferior vena cava
Cortical radiate vein
Arcuate vein
Interlobular vein
Renal vein
The kidney is made of individual functional
units called …
“nephrons”