Heart Anatomy and Physiology Flashcards
T or F
Blood pressure is highest in the aorta
T
The steepest drop in blood pressure happens in the ….
arterioles
The source of the pressure in the arteries comes from their proximity to the …
heart
Arterial blood pressure is determined by what two factors?
- Elasticity of the arteries close to the heart
- Volume of blood forced into the arteries at any time
T or F
Blood pressure near the heart is pulsatile
T
What is systolic pressure?
Pressure exerted in the aorta during ventricular contraction
What is a pulse?
Rhythmical throbbing of the arteries caused by the heart propelling blood through them
What is the lowest lvl of aortic pressure when the heart is at rest called?
Diastolic pressure
What is pulse pressure?
The difference between diastolic and systolic pressure
T or F
The heart spends more time in systole than diastole
F
It spends more time in diastole
Mean arterial pressure is calculated by adding … to …
pulse pressure to 1/3 pulse pressure
What two types of controls can regulate blood pressure in the short-term?
Neural and hormonal controls
What type of control can regulate blood pressure in the long-term?
renal controls
What factors increase peripheral resistance?
- Increased blood viscosity (doesn’t change in healthy individuals)
- Increased blood vessel length (can’t be changed)
- Decreased diameter of blood vessels
What factors increase cardiac output?
- Increased stroke volume
- Increased heart rate
What two factors increase mean arterial pressure (MAP)?
- Increased cardiac output
- Increased peripheral resistance
T or F
Blood viscosity does not change in a healthy individual
T
What type of receptors are baroreceptors?
mechanoreceptors
The medullary cardiovascular centre can be subdivided into what two sections?
cardiac and vasomotor centre
What is the pericardium?
is a
double-walled sac containing
the heart and the roots of the
great vessels.
What is the purpose of the pericardium?
- maintains the hearts position
- prevents heart from overfilling
The pericardial cavity is between the 2 …
serouslayers
The pericardium consists of what two serous layers?
- parietal layer of serous pericardium
- visceral layer of serous pericardium
The … arteries are the arterial blood vessels which transport oxygenated blood to the heart muscle.
coronary