The GI Tract Flashcards
Whats the pericardium?
It’s a serous membrane sac
What does the pericardium do?
It provides structure and hold organs in place
Contains infections
Reduces friction
What’s are the 3 types of contraction in the gut?
-Peristalsis (moves forward)
-Segmentation (back and forth)
Mass movements (rapid movement forward)
What does the mouth do in digestion?
Physical break down of food
Hard palate is made of bone
Soft palate is made of muscle
Initial enzymes are released
Infection control
What are the 3 sections of the Pharynx?
Naso-, Oro- and laryngo-pharynx
Food goes from oral cavity to oesophagus via pharynx
What is the oesophagus for?
Transports the bonus to stomach through thorax
What are the sphincters for?
Circular muscle that keeps the one way system to prevent backflow
Is the tongue muscle voluntary or involuntary
Voluntary
What are the 3 types of salivary gland?
-Partoid
-Submandibular
- Sub-lingual
What’s the role of Saliva?
Release digestive enzymes, Oral hygiene and lubrication of bolus
What does the stomach do?
Physical breakdown, Chemical breakdown, Storage
Why is the stomach rugae?
Enable it to stretch when full
Why does the stomach produce gastric juice?
Unravel protein, activate enzymes and disinfects stomach contents
What is chyme?
Product that leaves the stomach which is partially digested, acidic and concentrated
What’s the duodenum?
It’s the start of the small intestine.
Pancreas and liver join here
Acidic chyme is neutralised
Digestive enzymes enter here
What is the liver for?
Composed of hepatocytes
Produces bile
Detoxifies blood
Energy store
Synthesises protein
What is the gall bladder for?
Stores and concentrates bile
Contracts when fat is detected in duodenum
What is bile?
It contains salts that make fats into smaller droplets
Make it’s possible to absorb cholesterol, fatty acids and fat soluble vitamins
What does the pancreas do?
Produces insulin and glucagon
Produces pancreatic juice that contain active enzymes for digestion
What is the jejunum and ileum for.
They are parts of the small intestine and they are needed for final digestion and nutrient absorption.
What’s the structure of the small intestine.
It needs a high surface area so has circular folds called “pilae” and has vili which completes chemical digestion.
What is the large intestine for?
Final water and electrolytes absorption, temporary storage and secretes mucus to keep food waste moving along.
What is the caecum for?
Wide pouch that acts as reservoir, once full moves the large intestine
