Musclo-Skeletal System Flashcards
What are ligaments?
They attach bone to bone
What are tendons?
They attach muscle to bone
What are the 5 types of bones?
Flat bones, Irregular bones, long bones, short bones and sesamoid bones
Explain the spongy bone tissue with in the bone?
It’s a highly vascularised honeycomb like tissue that reduces bone density and allows end of long bones to compress as a result of repeated stress.
What is the compact bone tissue?
Makes up the hard outer layer, gives bones their smooth white solid appearance and contains nerves and vessels.
Which one out of the diaphysis and epiphysis has its own blood supply?
The epiphysis
What is inside an irregular bone?
Surrounded by compact bone, inside is spongy bone containing red bone marrow. It is surrounded by periosteum.
What’s an osteoblast?
It is a bone-building cell that deposits new bone tissue around themselves and eventually becomes trapped in tiny pockets in the growing bone, differentiates into osteocytes.
What is an osteocyte?
It’s is a mature bone cell- they do not divide and are responsible for bone formation and calcium homeostasis.
What is an osteoclast?
This is a bone re-absorbing cell and it breaks down bone release calcium and phosphate. As new bone cells are made, old ones are destroyed.
Explain the 3 stages of osteogenesis
Stage1- osteoblasts secrete osteoid which replaces cartilage in foetus
Stage2- calcium and phosphate laid down to progressively calcify it, converting it to mature bone.
Stage3- Osteoblasts form a matrix and cells become trapped and become osteocytes.
How are bones formed?
The bone starts as cartilage then ossification occurs from the centre outwards causing diaphysis to lengthen. This then caused the growth of bone within the epiphyses. Spongy bone is then stimulated by osteocytes becoming osteoblasts. As we age compact bone forms strong tough outer.
What is the centre of the bone called?
Medullary canal: containers bone marrow
How does bone growth occur?
The bone moves outwards from the centre
Osteoclasts become osteoblasts and see development of epiphyseal plate
The osteoblast create a matrix which becomes spongey bone.
Why is exercise important for bone health?
Can make bones less likely to fracture due to exercise allowing the bones to thicken and strengthen.
Is there a constant turnover of bone tissue?
Yes
How often is high friction areas replaced?
3-6 months
