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A2 Conflict > The Geographical basis for conflict > Flashcards

The Geographical basis for conflict Flashcards

1
Q

Define Identity

A

Having a common set of attitudes or experiences

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2
Q

Define Ideology

A

Having different ideals and beliefs than others

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3
Q

Define Ethnicity

A

Having a separate identify from a majority culture, for example through religion or language

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4
Q

Define Culture

A

Sharing a language, arts, values and behaviour

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5
Q

Define Wealth

A

An abundance of valuable possessions or money, varies per person

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6
Q

Define Localism

A

Where issues or values bring local people together

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7
Q

Define Regionalism

A

The theory or practice of regional rather than central systems of administration or economic, cultural, or political affiliation

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8
Q

Define Nationalism

A

Where a particular country asserts it’s dominance over other people or nations

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9
Q

Define Territorialism

A

Where a geographic area is defined for a particular purpose, such as for exploration or finding natural resources such as oil

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10
Q

Cause of conflict: Landlocked states and access corridors:

A

Why: without access to the sea, transportation must happen over land, including for trading
Eg. Uganda, must cross Kenya to reach the coast

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11
Q

Cause of conflict: Access to water

A

Why:
-Differing interpretations of watershed lines
-Rivers and lakes used as borders may pose problems as the course of the river changes
-Removal of water upstream may affect the supply for those downstream
Eg. Competition between states of W. USA for water

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12
Q

Cause of conflict: Rights of Minority groups

A

Why:
-The growth of a minority group may lead to the expansion of a new nation or region
- Different groups may not share ideologies
Eg. The Kurds

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13
Q

Cause of conflict: Access to resources

A

Why:
- Other nations or governments may want access to a natural resource such as oil
Eg. Israel wanting access to water resources in Turkey
South Sudan and North Sudan’s oil conflict

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14
Q

Cause of conflict: Protection of important assets

A

Why:
- A nation may want to protect an important resource or location within it’s borders from others
Eg. Conflict between water resources along the river Nile

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15
Q

How can conflict be positive?

A

It can be an important driver for change by creating awareness eg. Anti-Fracking groups in the Fylde are raising awareness of the fracking process

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16
Q

What form can conflict take?

A

It can vary from peaceful to violent and progress between two extremes: peaceful debate and war

17
Q

What does stage one of the conflict continuum consist of?

A

Conflict avoidance:
- Discuss peacefully and debate; ignore difference in views
- Provocation; seek consensus
Eg. disagreement over resources such as land or water

18
Q

What does stage two of the conflict continuum consist of?

A

Assertive:
- Seek wider support for ideas; mediate to negotiate an agreement
- lobby for political power and influence; arbitrate using a third party to resolve disputes
Eg. - Residents opposing a housing development by writing to papers or hosting demonstrations
- Governments draft and develop legislation

19
Q

What does stage three of the conflict continuum consist of?

A

Action:
- Take direct action; arbitrate using a third party to resolve disputes
- Take violent action; use legal system to impose a solution
Eg. Violent uprisings or on an international scale, pressure to send troops

20
Q

What does stage four of the conflict continuum consist of?

A

Armed conflict:
- Insurrection and armed conflict; coerce using threats or force to impose a solution
- Formal declaration of war; as above
Eg. World Wars and Afghan War

21
Q

Define Insurrection

A

Uprising against a government or authority

22
Q

What does stage one of the conflict resolution continuum consist of?

A

Creation of pressure groups and political groups

23
Q

What does stage two of the conflict resolution continuum consist of?

A

Political activity such as fundraising or campaigning

24
Q

What does stage three of the conflict resolution continuum consist of?

A

Action by international organisations such as decisions by the UN Security Council, to prevent escalation of conflict and keeping world peace

25
Q

What does stage four of the conflict resolution continuum consist of?

A

Peace talks and negotiations to resolve armed conflicts

26
Q

Who are the UN and what is their main purpose?

A

The United Nations are a global institution designed to maintain peace across the world. It was designed to manage inter-state wars but now mainly deals with intra-state wars.

27
Q

What is the UN’s aim?

A

To bring the world together through peace, based around justice, human rights and the well-being of all people

28
Q

What are the main areas of UN work?

A

Conflict prevention and resolution, sustainable development and human rights

29
Q

What are the names of UN agencies?

A

Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) and the World Health Organisations (WHO)

30
Q

Define Nationalism

A

loyalty and devotion to a nation. This can create a sense of national consciousness, exalting that nation above all others. The culture and interests of only that
are promoted

31
Q

Define Regionalism

A

Consciousness of, and loyalty to, a nation or a distinct region with a population that shares similarities.

32
Q

Define Localism

A

Affection for a particular place

33
Q

What are the types of conflict expression?

A

Non-violent, political activity, debate, terrorism, insurrection and war/violence

A2 Conflict (18 decks)

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