The Geographical basis for conflict Flashcards
Define Identity
Having a common set of attitudes or experiences
Define Ideology
Having different ideals and beliefs than others
Define Ethnicity
Having a separate identify from a majority culture, for example through religion or language
Define Culture
Sharing a language, arts, values and behaviour
Define Wealth
An abundance of valuable possessions or money, varies per person
Define Localism
Where issues or values bring local people together
Define Regionalism
The theory or practice of regional rather than central systems of administration or economic, cultural, or political affiliation
Define Nationalism
Where a particular country asserts it’s dominance over other people or nations
Define Territorialism
Where a geographic area is defined for a particular purpose, such as for exploration or finding natural resources such as oil
Cause of conflict: Landlocked states and access corridors:
Why: without access to the sea, transportation must happen over land, including for trading
Eg. Uganda, must cross Kenya to reach the coast
Cause of conflict: Access to water
Why:
-Differing interpretations of watershed lines
-Rivers and lakes used as borders may pose problems as the course of the river changes
-Removal of water upstream may affect the supply for those downstream
Eg. Competition between states of W. USA for water
Cause of conflict: Rights of Minority groups
Why:
-The growth of a minority group may lead to the expansion of a new nation or region
- Different groups may not share ideologies
Eg. The Kurds
Cause of conflict: Access to resources
Why:
- Other nations or governments may want access to a natural resource such as oil
Eg. Israel wanting access to water resources in Turkey
South Sudan and North Sudan’s oil conflict
Cause of conflict: Protection of important assets
Why:
- A nation may want to protect an important resource or location within it’s borders from others
Eg. Conflict between water resources along the river Nile
How can conflict be positive?
It can be an important driver for change by creating awareness eg. Anti-Fracking groups in the Fylde are raising awareness of the fracking process
What form can conflict take?
It can vary from peaceful to violent and progress between two extremes: peaceful debate and war
What does stage one of the conflict continuum consist of?
Conflict avoidance:
- Discuss peacefully and debate; ignore difference in views
- Provocation; seek consensus
Eg. disagreement over resources such as land or water
What does stage two of the conflict continuum consist of?
Assertive:
- Seek wider support for ideas; mediate to negotiate an agreement
- lobby for political power and influence; arbitrate using a third party to resolve disputes
Eg. - Residents opposing a housing development by writing to papers or hosting demonstrations
- Governments draft and develop legislation
What does stage three of the conflict continuum consist of?
Action:
- Take direct action; arbitrate using a third party to resolve disputes
- Take violent action; use legal system to impose a solution
Eg. Violent uprisings or on an international scale, pressure to send troops
What does stage four of the conflict continuum consist of?
Armed conflict:
- Insurrection and armed conflict; coerce using threats or force to impose a solution
- Formal declaration of war; as above
Eg. World Wars and Afghan War
Define Insurrection
Uprising against a government or authority
What does stage one of the conflict resolution continuum consist of?
Creation of pressure groups and political groups
What does stage two of the conflict resolution continuum consist of?
Political activity such as fundraising or campaigning
What does stage three of the conflict resolution continuum consist of?
Action by international organisations such as decisions by the UN Security Council, to prevent escalation of conflict and keeping world peace
What does stage four of the conflict resolution continuum consist of?
Peace talks and negotiations to resolve armed conflicts
Who are the UN and what is their main purpose?
The United Nations are a global institution designed to maintain peace across the world. It was designed to manage inter-state wars but now mainly deals with intra-state wars.
What is the UN’s aim?
To bring the world together through peace, based around justice, human rights and the well-being of all people
What are the main areas of UN work?
Conflict prevention and resolution, sustainable development and human rights
What are the names of UN agencies?
Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) and the World Health Organisations (WHO)
Define Nationalism
loyalty and devotion to a nation. This can create a sense of national consciousness, exalting that nation above all others. The culture and interests of only that
are promoted
Define Regionalism
Consciousness of, and loyalty to, a nation or a distinct region with a population that shares similarities.
Define Localism
Affection for a particular place
What are the types of conflict expression?
Non-violent, political activity, debate, terrorism, insurrection and war/violence
