The Gene

Question 1

Define Meiosis

Answer 1

The division of cells in the reproductive system.

Question 2

What happens during meiosis?

Answer 2

The cell divides twice, producing four cells with half of the usual genetic information, on a random basis.

Question 3

What is DNA?

Answer 3

The genetic coding of the body.

Question 4

How is DNA stored?

Answer 4

In 46 individual chromosomes for each cell. These contain genes (glorified proteins).

Question 5

Define allele

Answer 5

A variant or characteristic of a gene. For example, hair colour.

Question 6

What is the term for a variant of a gene?

Answer 6

An allele.

Question 7

What is the name for the division of cells in the reproductive system?

Answer 7

Meiosis.

Question 8

Which letters combine in genes?

Answer 8

A+T, and G+C.

Question 9

Define mitosis

Answer 9

Mitosis is the type of cell division that happens in most of the body

Question 10

Define chromosone

Answer 10

The carrier of genetic information. It is made up of DNA

Question 11

How are chromosones found?

Answer 11

In pairs

Question 12

How many pairs of chromosomes do we have?

Answer 12

23

Question 13

What are chromosomes made up of?

Answer 13

Genes

Question 14

What are genes?

Answer 14

The specific code (AT GC)

Question 15

What are genes?

Answer 15

Strings of protein

Question 16

What is the purpose of mitosis?

Answer 16

Growth, repairing, and replacement

Question 17

Describe the process of mitosis

Answer 17

DNA splits to form two copies of each chromosone
Chromosomes line up along the edge of a cell
The cell splits
The cytoplasm and cell membranes divide to form two identical cells

Question 18

What are the cells resulting from mitosis called?

Answer 18

Daughter cells

Question 19

What is cancer?

Answer 19

Uncontrollable mitosis

Question 20

What is the name for chemicals that could cause cancer?

Answer 20

Carcinogens

Question 21

How do carcinogens cause cancer?

Answer 21

By damaging DNA and causing mutations

Question 22

What are the two factors in developing cancer?

Answer 22

Lifestyle factors and environmental factors

Question 23

Give two examples of lifestyle factors relating to cancer

Answer 23

• Chemicals in cigarette smoke

- Alcohol intake

Question 24

Give two examples of environmental factors in cancer

Answer 24

• Exposure to radiation

- Exposure to chemical carcinogens from smoke

Question 25

What is the name for a sex cell?

Answer 25

A gamete

Question 26

Define a zygote

Answer 26

A fertilised egg cell

Question 27

What are the gametes in plant cells?

Answer 27

Pollen and eggs

Question 28

Describe the process of meiosis

Answer 28

- Copies of the genetic information are made | - The cell divides twice so each cell only has one set of chromosomes

Question 29

Take a look at this :)

Answer 29

Question 30

What are stem cells?

Answer 30

Cells which haven't undergone differentiation

Question 31

Where can adult stem cells be found?

Answer 31

In the brain, blood and heart

Question 32

Are adult stem cells more limited?

Answer 32

Yes

Question 33

When are stem cells used?

Answer 33

For type one diabetes, for multiple sclerosis, and for spinal chord injury

Question 34

Sorry admire this again

Answer 34

Question 35

Where does cell division happen in plants?

Answer 35

In meristems

Question 36

Where are the main meristems?

Answer 36

Near the top of the shoot

Question 37

What shape does DNA take?

Answer 37

A double helix

Question 38

Where are chromosonmes?

Answer 38

In a cell's nucleus

Question 39

What are chromosones?

Answer 39

Long threads of DNA

Question 40

What is a genotype?

Answer 40

A collection of alleles

Question 41

What is a phenotype?

Answer 41

The physical representation of a genotype

Question 42

How are dominant alleles represented?

Answer 42

With a capital letter

Question 43

When is a recessive allele represented?

Answer 43

If the person only has recessive genes

Question 44

What are homozygous alleles?

Answer 44

AA or aa

Question 45

What are heterozygous alleles?

Answer 45

Aa

Question 46

What is the backbone of DNA made up of?

Answer 46

Sugar and phosphate

Question 47

What are bases in DNA?

Answer 47

Paired chemicals (TAGC)

Question 48

What do TAGC stand for?

Answer 48

T - thymine A - adenine G - guanine C - cytosine

Question 49

read thiss

Answer 49

Question 50

What is the sequence of an amino acid determined by?

Answer 50

The triplet code - a code of three bases

Question 51

What are 22 of the 23 pairs of chromosomes known as?

Answer 51

Autosomes - they control characteristics

Question 52

Which chromosomes do men have?

Answer 52

XY - they are incomplete hehe

Question 53

What's the term for when we analyse DNA?

Answer 53

Genetic profiling

Question 54

How do we do genetic profiling?

Answer 54

By cutting a sample of DNA into fragments and separating said fragments by size

Question 55

When do we use genetic profiling?

Answer 55

To solve crimes or determine parenthood

Question 56

How do you produce a DNA fingerprint?

Answer 56

Question 57

Give two advantages and two disadvantages of DNA profiling

Answer 57

Adv - Very reliable, used to determine genetic disorders early Dis - Invasion of privacy? Theft of DNA has unknown potentials

Question 58

What does genetic engineering involve?

Answer 58

Taking genes from one organism and putting them in another

Question 59

What do we use genetic engineering for?

Answer 59

To create crops that can produce their own insecticide or that have advantages for the climate

Question 60

What are the negatives of GM crops?

Answer 60

They can be monopolised or spread without control