The Gastrointestinal System 3

Question 1

What are the three subdivisions of the Small Intestine?

Answer 1

• Duodenum & Hepatopancreatic Organs
• Jejunum
• Ileum

Question 2

What happens in the first 10 Inches of Small Intestine?

Answer 2

• First site of intensive digestion
• Receives bile & pancreatic juice via the common bile duct & main pancreatic duct
• Arrival of chyme stimulates release of hepatic & pancreatic secretions

Question 3

What happens to the fatty chyme in the duodenum?

Answer 3

• Release of CCK
• Releases bile & pancreatic enzymes

Question 4

What happens to the acid in the chyme?

Answer 4

• Release of Secretin
• Release of Pancreatic Bicarbonate
• Neutralises the acidity

Question 5

What is in the Exocrine of the pancreas and what do they secrets?

Answer 5

• Duct cells
  - Secrete aqueous bicarbonate solution
• Acinar cells
  - Secrete pancreatic juice

Question 6

What is what is in the Endocrine of the pancreas and what do they secrete?

Answer 6

• Islets of Langerhans
  - B-cells: Secrete insulin
  - A-Cells: Secretes Glucagon

Question 7

What are the 2 sources of blood the liver can receive and by which vein/artery?

Answer 7

• Arterial blood : delivered by the Hepatic Artery
• Venous blood : deliver by the Hepatic Portal Vein

Question 8

What does Arterial blood do for the liver?

Answer 8

Provides O2 supply
Carries blood-borne metabolites for hepatic processing.

Question 9

What does the venous blood do to the liver?

Answer 9

Venous blood drains the digestive tract
The liver processes and stores newly absorbed nutrients

Question 10

How does the blood leave the liver

Answer 10

Via the Hepatic Vein

Question 11

Describe the liver

Answer 11

• The largest gland in the body
• Composed of ‘plates’ of liver cells (hepatocytes)
• main digestive function is the production of bile
• Bile
• a fat emulsifier
• a yellow-green, alkaline solution
• contains bile salts, bile pigments, cholesterol, neutral fats, phospholipids & electrolytes
• stored & released from gallbladder

Question 12

What does the Duodenum and the Jejunum absorb?

Answer 12

• freely absorb all products of carbohydrate, protein &
  fat digestion
• freely absorb most ingested electrolytes, vitamins &
  water
• absorption of calcium & iron is adjusted to the body’s
  needs

Question 13

What does Ileum absorb?

Answer 13

• absorbs bile salts, vitamin B12, electrolytes & water

Question 14

Explain the Digestion of Carbohydrates

Answer 14

• Starch and Glycogen are converted into disaccharide maltose through salivary & Pancreatic Amylase
• Maltose, Sucrose, Lactose are converted to their respective monosaccharides by Maltase, Lactase and Scurase.
  These are found in the brush borders of the Small Intestine epithelial cells

Question 15

Explain the Absorption of Carbohydrates