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PHA 115 - Fundamentals Of Anatomy, Microbiology And Physiology > The Gastro-intestinal System 2 > Flashcards

The Gastro-intestinal System 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the main functions of the Stomach?

A
  • Stores ingested food
  • Secretes gastric juice (acid, mucus & intrinsic factor,
  • digestive enzymes - pepsin, lipase)
  • Mixes food with gastric juice
  • initiates digestion of proteins & fat
  • kills bacteria
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2
Q

What is Chyme?

A

Partially digested food

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3
Q

Where is the chyme moved into?

A

The duodenum

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4
Q

What is hydrochloric acid function and where can it be found?

A
  • Hydrolysis; Sterilisation of meal
  • Found in the Parietal cell
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5
Q

What is the function of intrinsic factor and where can it be found?

A
  • Vitamin B12 absorption
  • Parietal cell
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6
Q

What is the function of intrinsic Pepsinogen and where can it be found?

A
  • Protein digestion
  • Found in the chief cell
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7
Q

What is the function of mucus, bicarbonate and where can it be found?

A
  • Gastroprotection
  • Found in Surface mucous cell
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8
Q

What is the function of Trefoil factors and where can it be found?

A
  • Gastroprotection
  • Surface mucous cells
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9
Q

What is the function of histamine and where can it be found?

A
  • Regulation of Gastric secretion
  • Found in ECL cells
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10
Q

What is the function of Gastrin and where can it be found?

A
  • Regulation of Gastric secretion
  • G cells
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11
Q

What is the function of Gastrin Releasing Peptide (GPR) and where is it found?

A
  • Regulation of Gastrin Secretion
  • Found in the nerves
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12
Q

What is the function of Acetylcholine (ACh) and where can it be found?

A
  • Regulation of Gastric Secretion
  • Found in the Nerves
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13
Q

What is the function of somatostatin and where can it be found?

A
  • Regulation of Gastric Secretion
  • Found in the D cells
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14
Q

What are the 3 Phases of Gastric Secretion?

A
  • Cephalic (“Head”) phase
  • Gastric Phase
  • Intestinal Phase
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15
Q

What is the cephalic phase?

A
  • Triggered by factors arising before food enters the stomach – thought, smell, sight or taste of food
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16
Q

What is the Gastric Phase?

A
  • Triggered by factors resulting from the presence of food in
    the stomach
17
Q

What is the Intestinal Phase?

A
  • Triggered by factors resulting from movement of food
    from stomach into duodenum
18
Q

What are Carbohydrates digested by?

A

Salivary Amylase

19
Q

What are proteins partially digested by?

A

By Pepsin in the Antrum

20
Q

What does the Gastric Mucosal Barrier do?

A

Protects the stomach from damage

21
Q

Describe how the Gastric Mucosal Barrier protects the stomach from damage?

A
  • Cell membranes of gastric mucosal cells are impermeable to
    HCl on the luminal side
  • Tight junctions between adjacent gastric mucosal (epithelial)
    cells are impermeable to HCl
  • The HCO3– : rich mucus serves both as protective physical
    barrier & as chemical barrier that neutralizes acid close to
    gastric mucosa
  • Rapid rate of cell division – entire stomach lining replaced in
    3 days
  • Prostaglandins inhibit acid secretion & promote alkaline
    mucus secretion
22
Q

What are the functions of the Small Intestine?

A
  • Main site for digestion & absorption of ingested food
    Secretes aqueous salt & mucus solution for lubrication
    & protection
  • Utilizes segmentation & peristaltic contractions to mix
    & propel chyme, and facilitate absorption
  • Digestion occurs via action of bile, pancreatic enzymes
    & intestinal (brush-border) enzymes
  • Absorption occurs along the entire length – but largely
    in the duodenum & jejunum
23
Q

List the small intestine structure and how it relates to its function

A
  • Mucosal surface thrown into permanent circular folds —>
    3-fold Increase in surface area
  • Microscopic finger-like projections (villi) project from circular
    folds —> 10-fold Increase in surface area
  • Villi are covered by epithelial cells
  • Epithelial cells have numerous smaller, hair-like projections,
    called microvilli or brush border —> 20-fold Increase in surface area
  • 3 types of digestive enzymes are expressed on the
    membranes of microvilli or brush border – enteropeptidase,
    disaccharidases & aminopeptidases

PHA 115 - Fundamentals Of Anatomy, Microbiology And Physiology (18 decks)

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