The French Revolution and Napoleon

Question 1

modern nationalism

Answer 1

loyalty to the nation rather than to a monarch

Question 2

institution

Answer 2

an organization that has a particular kind of work or purpose such as social classes, governments, churches, schools, etc.)

Question 3

What was the immediate cause of the French Revolution

Answer 3

1)The Estate System,
2) Absolutism,
3) ideas stemming from the Enlightenment,
4) food shortages,
5) The American Revolution.

Question 4

What are the 3 Ideals of the French Revolution

Answer 4

1) Liberty - opportunity, choice, voice
2) Equality - social, political and economic fairness
3) Fraternity - common goals for France and respect for the people of France (brotherhood)

Question 5

How were the Church Reformed (3 ways)

Answer 5

1) The Church would now be controlled by the government,
2) bishops and priests would be elected by the people, not appointed by Church hierarchy. 3) 3) They became employees of the state.

Question 6

What did Constitution of 1791 create? Why was it created

Answer 6

• Created limited monarchy of King Louis, now in Paris, and the
• Sparked by Louis and family trying to flee - escape effort broke trust of the people
• Sparked the Legislative Assembly ruling mostly alone - scared other European kings

-Threats of war, and brief war with Austria, led to radicalization of the French Revolution

• Paris Commune (popularly run city council) and “sans culottes”
  Legislative Assembly making laws (affluent reps voted into power)

Question 7

What was The Paris Commune

Answer 7

Angry citizens of Paris, protesting food shortages and early defeats in war, declare themselves a commune - a popularly run city council.

• Took the king prisoner and forces the legislative assembly to suspend the monarchy

The French Revolution becomes more radical and violent.

Question 8

Who were Sans-Culottes (“without breeches”)

Answer 8

Viewed themselves as ordinary patriots - someone who loves their country and is willing to defend it

Believed all men were equal.

Despised the indulgent wealth of the bourgeoisie and the elite aristocrats.

Food should be taken from big landowners and grain-merchants and be given to small workshops.

They wanted a tax on the rich.

They called for a radical Republic based on Direct Democracy (universal male suffrage)

Question 9

What was the Liberty Cap

Answer 9

The Liberty Cap becomes a symbol of the ideas of freedom and the pursuit of liberty.

Question 10

Emigres

Answer 10

Nobles and aristocrats who fled France during the French Revolution.

Question 11

The Girondin

Answer 11

Represented people outside Paris; moderates (want non-violent change)

Question 12

The Mountain -Jacobin

Answer 12

represented the interests of radicals in Paris; radicals seeking a republic (want change at ANY cost -mainly the Jacobin club)

Question 13

When was Louis XVI executed?

Answer 13

January 1873

Question 14

What was the reign of terror?

Answer 14

(bloody, extreme time of revolution)

Question 15

Democratic despotism

Answer 15

Democratically elected leaders act as dictators and tyrants.

Question 16

The Committee of Public Safety

Answer 16

• committee of 12,
• Formed by the National Convention

-Given broad powers to defend France from domestic threats

Question 17

Maximilien Robespierre (1758 - 1794)

Answer 17

• Leader of the Jacobins
• Believed in equality
• a Radical
• Became a dictator during the Reign of Terror

Question 18

Republic of Virtue

Answer 18

• a democratic republic composed of good citizens.
• The Committee of Public Safety claimed that all the bloodshed was temporary and necessary to form a true “Republic of Virtue.”

Question 19

When did the Reign of Terror end?

Answer 19

Robespierre goes to the guillotine and the Reign of Terror ends - July 28, 1794

Question 20

The Directory

Answer 20

• An Attempt at Oligarchy (1795-1799)

-Political power comes back to the upper middle class.
-The government is corrupt and ineffective.

Question 21

Who has the power during The Directory

Answer 21

Moderates, have power.

Question 22

Who were the Political enemies of the Directory

Answer 22

conservatives and radicals.

Question 23

During the French Revolution, a new order is established. What are the 3 values of the new order?

Answer 23

• Individual rights
• Representative institutions
• The concept of loyalty to the nation rather than to a monarch - modern nationalism

Question 24

What were the long term causes of the French Revolution

Answer 24

1) Unfair practices of the Old Regime (social - The Three Estates, political and economic)

2) Inspiration from the ideas of the Enlightenment and the American Revolution

3) People are staving and desperate due to bad harvest- (Subsistence existence)

4) Bourgeoisie desire for equality (social, political & economic)

5) Oppression of Absolutism

Question 25

Tennis Court Oath)

Answer 25

The members of the National Assembly pledged to work together until they had new a constitution in June 1789 at Versailles.

-Frustrated by the unwillingness by Louis XVI to reform practices in the Estates General, the Third Estate representatives and their supporters formed the National Assembly.

-Divine Right

Question 26

The Storming of the Bastille

Answer 26

Bastille Day- July 14th

• Third estate stormed the kings prison (Bastille) to obtain supplies like gun powder

Question 27

The Great Fear

Answer 27

Peasants burned down the noble estates to help with the revolution rebelling again the fees and obligations

Question 28

What is the purpose of The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen

Answer 28

-Everyone had equal rights and the government should serve all of its citizens not just the social elite

-to state the principles, duties and purpose of the government.

• Establish and protect civil rights of the people (social equality and justice)
• Popular sovereignty

Question 29

What is the philosophy of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen

Answer 29

The government should limit personal liberty as little as possible.