Napoleon and the Congress of Vienna Flashcards
Where was Napoleon Bonaparte from?
From Corsica
What was Napoleon Bonaparte know for?
A brilliant military commander known for his great leadership ability.
When did Napoleon rule?
Napoleon ruled France from 1799 to 1815
When did Napoleon crowns himself Emperor of Frances?
1804
The Napoleonic Code
A uniform set of laws that eliminated injustices and inconsistencies in French law
What limited liberty and individual rights did the Napoleonic Code try to maintain order in France?
-Equality Before Law - EXCEPT WOMEN
- Religious Toleration
- Property Rights
- End to Feudalism
- Public schools called lycees
What ideals of the French Revolution did Napoleon preserve
- All citizens were equal before the law.
-Public officials and military officers were promoted based on their ability - Merit system
What ideals of the French Revolution did Napoleon NOT preserve
-Liberty was replaced by despotism and arbitrary rule.
-Censorship - newspapers were shut down and books banned
- Women were “less equal than men.”
What battle was Napoleon’s French forces defeated in 1805?
the Battle of Trafalgar - Napoleon was never able to conquer Britain
What 3 mistakes did Napoleon make that led to his downfall
Mistake #1 - Turned to Continental System where no trade between thee European Continent and Great Britain
Mistake #2
Peninsular War in Spain and Portugal
People of Iberian Peninsula pledged loyalty to Church and king
People aided (and armed) by the British
Guerrilla warfare against French rule of Joseph Bonaparte
Mistake #3
June 1812 Napoleon invades Russia with 600,000 men
Where is Napoleon defeated a second time? When? By who?
Waterloo in June 1815 by coalition
What were the 5 great powers of Europe
Russia
Britain
Prussia
France
Austria
Where was Napoleon Exiled to the first time?
Elba
Where was Napoleon Exiled to the second time?
St. Helena- a small island in the Atlantic
When did Napoleon die?
1821
Where is Napoleon’s Tomb
Les Invalides, France’s national military museum
What were the goals of of the Congress of Vienna
-Establish a balance of power
-Restore old order- keep control with the conservatives
- To stop the spread of nationalism and democracy
Actions taken as a result of the Congress of Vienna?
-Legitimacy states that all rulers who were overthrown by Napoleon would be returned to their thrones.
-Compensation stated that land would be returned to countries who lost it to Napoleon if they had helped to defeat him.
Conservatism
-Obedience to political authority (absolutism)
-Religion was crucial to keep order in society
-Hatred of revolutions and the unwillingness to accept demands of people who wanted either individual rights or representative governments. (AKA Liberalism)
Tools the conservative leaders used to suppress democratic and nationalistic ideas and practices
-Spies everywhere- if caught then arrested, jailed, exiled or killed
- A system of censorship was used to control any writing which may criticize the government.
-Principle of Intervention: Military Force- used to restore legitimate monarch to their thrones and end revolutions.
Why is the congress of Vienna significant?
-Set the stage for European politic for the next 100 years
- Balance of Power is established in Europe
- Could not suppress the ideas of the French Revolution, modern nationalism and democracy
- Peace- Europe finally had peace- No war till 1914- Concert of Europe
The Congress of Vienna set the stage for European politics for the next 100 years.
-A balance of power is established in Europe.
-Conservatives control politics in Europe.
-The Congress of Vienna was a successful political meeting. Settlements were fair…no country was mad or had a grudge which could lead to future wars
What is the concert of Europe
- Peacekeeping alliance to maintain balance of power and suppress uprisings due to democratic ideas and nationalism
- Collective security- Nations act together to stop aggresion
collective security
Nations act together to stop aggression.
What new political philosophies developed after the French revolution?
-Conservatism
-Liberalism
-Radicalism
