Latin American Revolutions Flashcards
What was the Cause of Latin American Revolution?
Social Structure
What was Latin America’s social Structure? How was it divided and what was it based on?
- Divided into classes
- Based on race, heritage and color
What was Latin American social structure classes?
-Classes of people, privileged or unprivileged, were rooted in where people were from and their blood.
Classes were both social and political, being upheld by the Spanish government.
From TOP to BOTTOM, list the 4 classes of people in Latin America
- Peninsulares -People born in Europe with only European ancestry
Live in Latin America temporarily for political and economic gain then leave - Creoles - People who were born in the Americas with only European ancestry; Landowners and businessmen without political power and wealth; dislike Europe
- Mestizos People of mixed European and Native ancestry;
-Indigenous people- Natives
Why was Politics a cause of the Latin American Revolution?
Peninsulares were given most government positions and higher legal standing
This INJUSTICE leads to Creoles wondering why Americans cannot rule themselves, especially being of the same ancestry/blood
Why did the Creoles lead the fight?
- They wanted to hold high-level political offices (But aren’t allowed to)
- They wanted to create a sense of unity within their country (Dislike the castes)
- They wanted to control their economy (Upset that Spain and Portugal dominate trade and get most the wealth)
What caused the revolutions in South America?
Napoleon changed the rulers of Spain and Portugal
- Napoleon appointed his brother Joseph Bonaparte as King of Spain
- Colonies held no ties to European rulers
- Enlightenment ideas - Argued the people should rule
-Revolution broke out since the monarchies were weak and distracted
Who were the 2 leaders of the South American Revolution?
Simon Bolivar and Jose de San Martin
Which countries did Simon Bolivar lead independence movements?
Venezuela (1811 - 21)
Columbia
Ecuad0r
Which countries did Jose de San Martin lead independence movements?
Argentina (1816)
Chile (1817)
Peru (1821) - joins his army with Bolivar and leave
Who is Dom Pedro?
- Son of the king and queen of Portugal
- Stays in Brazil to avoid Napoleon
- Stays in Brazil and lead Brazil
- Bloodless revolution- September 7, 1822
Native Americans
- Came to Mexico thousands of years ago
-Built a series of brilliant, highly advanced civilizations (highly developed culture, politics and technology
the aztecs
made islands
built an empire
conquistadors
a Spanish explores / soldier
the revolution gets organized
they use guerrilla tactics
Morelos, a priest and former student of Hidalgo, leads forces in Southern Mexico
November 6, 1813 - Morelos formally declares independence for Mexico with the Solemn Act of the Declaration of Independence of Northern America
Fighting continues until 1821 and Mexico forms an Empire
1823 - Mexico becomes a federal republic
