The Foot and Ankle Lecture

Question 1

Which bones make up the mid foot

Answer 1

Navicular, Cuboid, Cuneiforms

Question 2

What is a flat foot posture

Answer 2

Pes Planus

Question 3

Motion occurs at which articulation of the talocrural joint?

Answer 3

Tibiotalar joint

Question 4

What bones make up the rear foot?

Answer 4

Calcaneus and Talus

Question 5

What bones make up the ankle

Answer 5

Tibia and Fibula

Question 6

What bones make up the forefoot?

Answer 6

Five Metatarsals
14 phalanges
2 sesamoid bone

Question 7

The foot and ankle consist of __________

Answer 7

26 ireegular bones
30 synovial joint
30 muscles
> 100 ligaments

Question 8

Where does most motion occurs at three joints

Answer 8

Talocrural
Subtalar
Midtarsal

Question 9

What joint to proximal, 1 dof hinge joint, and allows plantar and dorsiflexion

Answer 9

Talacrural

Question 10

What is the talocrural joint designed for ?

Answer 10

Stability

Question 11

Tibia and talus( tibiotalar joint)=

Answer 11

movement

Question 12

Tibia and fibular( tibiofibular joint)=

Answer 12

No movement

Question 13

What joint is distal to the talocrural joint, has articulation betwee the talus and calcaneus and allows eversion and inversion

Answer 13

Subtalar

Question 14

What are the largest weight-bearing bones in the foot?

Answer 14

Talus and calcaneus

Question 15

What type of motion doed the subtalar joint allow?

Answer 15

Triplanar motion= Supination and pronation

Question 16

What type of joint is the subtalar joint?

Answer 16

Plane/Gliding Joint; Oblique axis

Question 17

What makes up the Calcaneus ?

Answer 17

Calcaneal tubercle
Sustentalculum tali
Peroneal tubercle

Question 18

What make up the talus?

Answer 18

Anterior ,middle, and posterior faces

Question 19

What do lateral ligaments restrict?

Answer 19

Inversion

Question 20

What are the lateral talocrural ligaments?

Answer 20

Anterior talofibular
Calcaneofibular
Posterior Talofibular

Question 21

What are the medial ligametns?

Answer 21

Deltiod: Anterior Tibiotalar
Tibocalcaneal
Tibionavicular
Posterior Tibiotalar

Question 22

What does medial joint prevet in the ankel?

Answer 22

Eversion

Question 23

What are the two joints of the midtarsals?

Answer 23

Calcaneocuboid and Talonavicular

Question 24

What does the aligment of the axes of these two joints affect?

Answer 24

Mobility of the midfoot

Question 25

What does the midtaral joints contribute to?

Answer 25

Inversion/Eversion Abduction/Adduction Dorsflexion/ Plantarflexion

Question 26

What is the shock absorbing segement of the foot?

Answer 26

Midfoot

Question 27

What are the three cuneiforms?

Answer 27

Medial, Intermediate, and Lateral

Question 28

All joint besides calcaneocuboid and talonavicular are __________ ___________

Answer 28

Gliding Joints

Question 29

What is the function of the arches of the foot?

Answer 29

Absorb shock Dissipate ground reaction forces Increase the foots flexibility

Question 30

What are the arches of the foot?

Answer 30

Medial Longitudinal arch Lateral Longitudinal arch Transverse metatarsal arch

Question 31

What is the medial longitudinal arch formed by?

Answer 31

Calcaneus, talus, navicular,cuneiforms, and first 3 metatarsals

Question 32

How is support maintained in the medial longitudinal arch?

Answer 32

Calcaneonavicular ligament and plantar fascia

Question 33

What is the lateral longitudinal arch formed by?

Answer 33

Calcaneus, cuboid, and forth and fifth metatarsals

Question 34

What is the transverse metatarsal arch?

Answer 34

Formed by the wedging of the tarsals and the base of the metatarsals

Question 35

What is the windlass effect?

Answer 35

The windlass mechanism describes the manner by which the plantar fascia supports the foot during weight- bearing activities and provides information regarding the biomechanical stresses placed on the plantar fascia.

Question 36

What are the nerves of the foot and ankle?

Answer 36

Sural nerve( lateral foot) Seep and superficial peroneal nerve( dorsal surface) Saphenous nerve( medial foot) Lateral and medial plantar nerve (plantar surface) Tibial nerve and branches of sural nerve ( posterior aspect)

Question 37

What foot alignment is has a low arch and is related excessive foot pronation

Answer 37

Pes planus

Question 38

What foot alignment has an high arch and is related to excessive foot supination

Answer 38

Pes cavus

Question 39

What foot alignment has pronation of the subtalar joint?

Answer 39

Calcaneovalgus

Question 40

What foot alignment has supination of the subtalar joint?

Answer 40

Calcaneovarus

Question 41

What is the ROM of plantar flexion

Answer 41

50 degrees

Question 42

What is the ROM of Dorsifelxion?

Answer 42

20 degrees

Question 43

What is the ROM of Inversion

Answer 43

20 degress

Question 44

What is the ROM of Eversion

Answer 44

5 degrees

Question 45

What is Supination

Answer 45

Inversion+adduction+plantarflexion

Question 46

What is Pronation?

Answer 46

Everson+ abduction+dorsiflexion

Question 47

Why do hind foot injuries usually occur?

Answer 47

Compressive factors

Question 48

Why do Mid foot injuries usually occur?

Answer 48

Excessive lateral movement

Question 49

Why do forefoot injuries ussually occur?

Answer 49

compressive and tensile forces

Question 50

What anatomical factors also result in injuries?

Answer 50

Poor gait such as overpronation