The Foot

Question 1

What muscles are found in the 1st layer and 3rd layer of the foot?

Answer 1

Layer 1                                          Layer 2
#Abductor Hallucis                     # Flexor Hallucis Brevis     
#Flexor Digitorum Brevis           #Adductor Hallucis         
#Abductor digiti minimi    #Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis

Question 2

The plantar nerves arise from which nerve?

Answer 2

Tibial nerve

Question 3

Which muscles are innervated by the medial plantar nerve?

Answer 3

Abductor hallucis
Flexor Digitorum brevis
Flexor Hallucis Brevis
1st lumbrical

Question 4

At which point does the tibial nerve split into medial and lateral plantar nerves?

Answer 4

Inferior to the medial malleolus in the tarsal tunnel/deep to flexor retinaculum

Question 5

State the attachments of the quadratus plantae.

Answer 5

Origin: lateral tubercle of calcaneus, and medial concave aspect of calcaneus
Insertion: lateral aspect of tendon of flexor digitorum longus

Question 6

What structures pass underneath the superior extensor retinaculum from medial to lateral?

Answer 6

Tibialis anterior tendon 
Extensor hallucis longus tendon
Anterior tibial artery
Deep fibular nerve 
Extensor digitorum longus MUSCLE + tendon
Fibularis tertius MUSCLE

Question 7

What is a calcaneal spur?

Answer 7

Refers to calcification of planar aponeurosis at its posterior attachment

Question 8

What bones form the medial longitudinal arch of the foot? Identify which part of an arch bridge they act as.

Answer 8

Keystone - Talus

Pillars - Calcaneus, Metatarsal heads 1-3

Question 9

Which tendons form the ‘slings’ for the medial longitudinal arch of foot?

Answer 9

Tendon of tibialis posterior (passes under spring ligament)
Tendon of tibialis anterior (suspends medial cuneiform and base of metatarsal 1)
Flexor hallucis longus (passes under sustentaculum tali) tendon
Fibularis longus tendon