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Anatomy Lower Limb PHM > Knee joint > Flashcards

Knee joint Flashcards

1
Q

What are the articulations of the knee joint?

A

Patella and femur (trochlea surface)

Tibia and femur (condyles)

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2
Q

What kind of synovial joint is the articulation between the patella and the femur?

A

Saddle joint

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3
Q

What kind of synovial joint is the articulation between the femur and tibia?

A

Condylar joint

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4
Q

What factors contribute to knee joint stability?

A
  1. ligaments
  2. muscles and tendons
  3. iliotibial tract
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5
Q

Which part of the knee is the joint capsule most abundant?

A

The posterior aspect

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6
Q

On the femur, where does the joint capsule attach?

A

Posteriorly; intercondylar line
Laterally; encloses origin of popliteus/lateral epicondyle of femur
Anteriorly; deficient

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7
Q

What structure forms the ligamentum patellae

A

it’s an extension of quadriceps femoris tendon

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8
Q

Where does the ligamentum patellae attach?

A

Apex of patella and tibial tuberosity

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9
Q

State the tibial and femoral attachments of the medial collateral ligament.

A

Tibial; posteromedial to tibial tuberosity + membrane of semimembranosus
Femoral; medial epicondyle

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10
Q

True or false: The lateral collateral ligament is much thicker than the medial collateral ligament.

A

False. Medial collateral ligament is thicker.

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11
Q

Which collateral ligament is most likely to get damaged?

A

Medial collateral ligament.

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12
Q

Which cruciate ligament is more prone to injuries?

A

Anterior cruciate ligament

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13
Q

What does the anterior cruciate ligament do?

A

Prevent posterior dislocation of femur on tibia

Prevent anterior dislocation of tibia on femur

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14
Q

What are the functions of menisci?

A
  1. Shock absorbers; protect articular cartilage
  2. Lubrication of joint cavity
  3. Increase concativities of tibial femoral condylar joints
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15
Q

Which meniscus is more prone to injury?

A

the medial meniscus

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16
Q

State the most common cause of injury to the menisci.

A

Twisting strain of partially flexed knee.

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17
Q

What is valgus stress?

A

produced by a blow to the lateral side of the knee, often resulting in tearing of the tibial/medial collateral ligament

18
Q

What is varus stress?

A

caused by a blow to the medial side of knee, often resulting in tearing of the lateral collateral ligament

19
Q

Why is the medial meniscus often torn when the medial collateral ligament is torn?

A

Because the medial meniscus is firmly attached to the medial collateral ligament.

20
Q

What nerve may be injured during a varus stress?

A

The fibular nerve

21
Q

Describe knee valgus including symptoms, causes, and treatment.

A

Symptoms; knocking knees, knees angle away from midline of body
Causes; osteoarthritis of knee, damage to medial collateral ligament, damage to anterior cruciate ligament, damage to menisci
Treatment; exercises to strengthen thigh and hip muscles, osteotomy surgery

22
Q

Which meniscus is more O shaped?

A

The lateral meniscus

23
Q

Approximately how many bursae are around the knee joint?

A

About 12

24
Q

Name the bursae of the knee joint.

A 
Suprapatellar 
Prepatellar
Infrapatellar
Deep infrapatellar (*SPID)
Brodie's bursa
Bursa anserine
25
Q

What is Housemaid’s knee?

A

Inflammation of prepatellar bursa

26
Q

State how prepatellar bursitis is treated.

A

Resting the knee.
Using antibiotics if inflammation caused by bacteria.
Elevating knee
Cold compression
Compression using bandange
Aspiration by inserting needle into bursa
Surgery to remove the bursa in extreme cases (bursectomy)

27
Q

What is arthroscopy?

A

a minimally invasive surgery procedure in which optic fiber placed in joint through an incision to visualize the structures and another incision is made so that special tools can be used to correct the problem

28
Q

What is Clergyman’s knee?

A

Inflammation of infrapatellar bursa

29
Q

What are the causes of Baker’s cyst?

A

Osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis, which inflames the knee joint
Injury to the knee joint

30
Q

Differentiate between osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.

A

Unlike rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis doesn’t affect other organs.
Rheumatoid caused by immune system attacking joint linings
Osteoarthritis caused by aging (wear and tear), injury, or obesity; just limited to joints

31
Q

What is the main blood supply to the knee joint?

A

Popliteal artery

32
Q

Which arteries are involved in anastomosis around the knee joint?

A

Popliteal artery genicular branches
Descending geniculate artery of femoral artery
Recurrent branch of posterior artery
2 recurrent branches (anterior and posterior) of anterior tibial artery

33
Q

Describe the innervation of the knee joint.

A

Obturator nerve posterior division
Genicular branch of tibial nerve
Genicular branch of common peroneal nerve
Femoral nerve infrapatellar branch

34
Q

What happens during locking of the knee joint?

A
  • knee is in full extention
  • femur medially rotates and all ligaments become taut
  • knee becomes rigid
35
Q

What are the 3 landmarks located when performing a knee arthroscopy?

A
  1. Tibial tuberosity
  2. Lateral epicondyle of femur
  3. Apex of patella
36
Q

What structures of the knee joint are supplied by the middle genicular artery?

A

cruciate ligaments

37
Q

What is the function of the oblique popliteal ligament?

A
  1. Stabilize posterior aspect of knee joint

2. Prevent excessive lateral rotation of tibia

38
Q

Genu varum is another name for

A

bowleg

39
Q

In genu varum, the tibia in relation to the femur is

a) abducted
b) adducted

A

b) adducted

40
Q

What is the normal LATERAL angle of the knee?

A

170 - 175 degrees

41
Q

How does the lateral angle change in genu valgum?

A

it is less than 170 degrees

42
Q

What is a normal Q angle?

A

In women = 17 degrees

In men = 14 degrees

Anatomy Lower Limb PHM (9 decks)

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