Nerves, Blood Vessels, and Lymphatics Flashcards

1
Q

What is the difference between the points where the femoral artery and femoral nerve pass to enter the thigh?

A

Femoral artery: mid-inguinal point

Femoral nerve: mid-point of inguinal ligament

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2
Q

Which structure DOES NOT pass through the adductor hiatus?

A

Femoral nerve; goes through adductor canal only

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3
Q

How does the order of vessels and nerves change in the adductor canal?

A

From VAN to NAV (medial to lateral); saphenous nerve becomes most medial by crossing the femoral vessels; femoral artery crosses vein to become medial to it

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4
Q

What is the order of the popliteal vessels and the sciatic nerve in the posterior of the thigh?

A

From NAV to AVN (medial to lateral)

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5
Q

How does the order of the popliteal vessels and the sciatic nerve change at the lower end of the popliteal fossa?

A

From AVN to ANV; at this point sciatic nerve has split; tibial nerve comes to lie in between artery and vein

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6
Q

How many branches does the femoral artery give off?

A

6; 5 in the femoral triangle; 1 in the adductor canal

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7
Q

Name the 5 branches given off by the femoral artery in the femoral triangle

A
  1. superficial epigastric artery
  2. superficial circumflex iliac artery
  3. superficial external pudendal artery
  4. deep external pudendal artery
  5. profunda femoris
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8
Q

What structures pierce the cribiform fascia?

A
  1. great saphenous vein
  2. superficial external pudendal artery
  3. lymphatic vessels
  4. superficial epigastric artery
  5. Accessory saphenous vein/posteromedial vein of thigh
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9
Q

How many centimeters below the inguinal ligament does the profunda femoris artery arise?

A

~3.5 cm

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10
Q

The descending genicular artery of the femoral artery anastomoses with the……. of the knee joint.

A

superior medial genicular artery

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11
Q

At which point does the medial circumflex femoral artery give off its branches?

A

brevis upper border

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12
Q

True or false: The Medial Circumflex Femoral artery is the highest branch of the profunda femoris artery

A

True

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13
Q

Which division of the profunda femoris artery is below the lateral circumflex iliac artery?

A

The first perforating branch

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14
Q

What is the 4th perforating artery usually known as?

A

fourth perforating Artery of Elliot

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15
Q

From which perforating artery does the nutrient artery of femur arise?

A

Second perforating artery usually

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16
Q

What are the branches of the descending branch of the medial circumflex femoral artery?

A

Superficial, Deep, and Acetabular

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17
Q

What structures are supplied by the superficial branch of the descending branch of the medial circumflex femoral artery?

A

The femoral head; it joins the cruciate anastomosis

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18
Q

Where does the deep branch of the descending branch of the medial circumflex femoral artery supply?

A
  1. The gluteal region; anastomoses with gluteal arteries

2. Femur; terminates as posterosuperior and posteroinferior nutrient arteries of femur

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19
Q

What is the main artery of the lower limb?

A

The common femoral artery

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20
Q

State the main branches of the common femoral artery.

A
  1. Descending geniculate branch

2. Profunda femoris

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21
Q

State variations of the popliteal artery

A
  1. Tibioperoneal trunk may be absent if it terminates as a trifurcation
  2. Absence of or undeveloped posterior tibial artery (hypoplastic-aplastic PT artery)
  3. Absence of or undeveloped anterior tibial artery (hypoplastic-aplastic AT artery)
  4. High origin of AT artery
  5. High origin of P artery
  6. Anterior tibioperoneal trunk
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22
Q

Where does the perforating branch of the fibular artery arise?

A

5 cm above lateral malleolus

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23
Q

What is the name of the perforating branch of the fibular artery?

A

Anterior malleolar artery

24
Q

What 2 compartments of the leg are supplied by the fibular artery?

A
  1. Lateral compartment

2. Deep compartment of posterior leg.

25
Q

Is there a major nerve that accompanies the fibular artery?

A

NO.

26
Q

How does the fibular artery terminate?

A

As the lateral calcaneal artery and the perforating branch (anterior malleolar artery)

27
Q

How does the fibular artery communicate with the posterior tibial artery?

A

gives off communicating branch to anastomose with a branch of posterior tibial artery, 5 cm above the ankle

28
Q

Which areas and muscles of the foot are supplied by the medial plantar artery?

A

Medial aspect; Flexor Digitorum brevis
Abductor Hallucis
Flexor Hallucis brevis
Adductor Hallucis
Big toe

29
Q

State the muscles of the foot supplied by the lateral plantar artery.

A

Abductor digiti minimi
Flexor digiti minimi brevis
Flexor digitorum brevis
Plantar interossei

30
Q

What nerve accompanies the medial plantar nerve on its lateral side?

A

Medial plantar nerve

31
Q

What forms the plantar arch?

A

LATERAL PLANTAR ARTERY + DORSALIS PEDIS ARTERY

-Direct continuation of lateral plantar artery anastomosing with Dorsalis Pedis Artery

32
Q

True or False; The lateral plantar nerve lies lateral to the lateral plantar artery.

A

FALSE: lies medial

33
Q

What are the branches of the plantar arch?

A

4 metatarsal arteries that travel in the 4 intermetatarsal spaces

34
Q

The plantar digital arteries are formed from….

A

Divisions of the 4 metatarsal arteries

35
Q

When does the dorsalis pedis artery begin?

A

Just distal to infeior extensor retinaculum

36
Q

State a variation of the dorsalis pedis artery?

A

It can be a branch of the fibular artery as a continuation of the anterior malleolar branch when the anterior tibial artery ends early

37
Q

What is paraplegia?

A

Paralysis of lower limbs

38
Q

What is the clinical significance of dermatomes?

A

Used to determine site and extent of spinal cord damage.

39
Q

What structures are innervated by the femoral nerve?

A

Anterior Thigh Muscles and Iliacus

40
Q

What causes entrapment of the obturator nerve?

A

Large adductor muscles

41
Q

What is the abberant obturator artery?

A

A variation of the obturator artery in which obturator artery is missing and replaced by inferior epigastric artery pubic branch

42
Q

True or false: The obturator artery is damaged by posterior dislocation of the hip.

A

FALSE: damaged by anterior dislocation of the hip (sciatic nerve damaged by posterior dislocation)

43
Q

State 4 variations of the sciatic nerve.

A
  1. Can pass through piriformis
  2. Peroneal division passes through piriformis and tibial passes under piriformis and then they join
  3. Peroneal division passes ontop of piriformis and tibial division passes under piriformis and they join
  4. High division; peroneal division passes on top of piriformis and tibial passes under BUT they don’t reunite
44
Q

Which veins are connected by the paratibial perforators?

A

Great saphenous vein and posterior tibial veins

45
Q

Where do the superior and inferior gluteal veins drain into?

A

the internal iliac vein

46
Q

Define a tributary.

A

Smaller branch draining into a larger branch

47
Q

State the tributaries of the great saphenous vein.

A
  1. Posteriomedial vein of thigh (accessory vein of thigh)
  2. Superficial epigastric vein
  3. Superficial external pudendal vein
  4. Deep external pudendal vein
  5. Superficial circumflex iliac vein
  6. Anterolateral vein of thigh / Anterior femoral cutaneous vein
48
Q

Name the 4 tributaries of the femoral vein.

A
  1. Profunda femoris vein
  2. Great saphenous vein
  3. Medial circumflex femoral vein
  4. Lateral circumflex femoral vein
49
Q

Which nerves of the gluteal region show both anterior and posterior division of ventral rami?

A
Sciatic nerve (L2-S3) 
Posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh (S1-S3)
50
Q

What is the division and nerve roots of the pudendal nerve?

A

Anterior division; roots S2-S4

51
Q

Which two nerves in the gluteal region have the same nerve roots but different divisions?

A

Inferior gluteal nerve (posterior division)

Nerve to obturator internus (anterior division)

52
Q

Which nerve in the gluteal region only has 2 roots?

A

Nerve to quadratus femoris

53
Q

What is the anterior tarsal tunnel syndrome?

A

Compression of the deep fibular nerve as it crosses infront of the ankle joint

54
Q

At which point does the deep fibular nerve become cutaneous?

A

The first intermetatarsal space

55
Q

At which points can the superficial fibular nerve become entrapped?

A
  1. Within the fibular tunnel

2. Just as it’s exiting the fibular tunnel

56
Q

What structures can compress the superficial fibular nerve?

A
  1. Herniating muscle
  2. Varicose veins
  3. Anterior or lateral compartment syndrome
  4. Trauma to lateral compartment
57
Q

What is the relation of the posterior tibial artery and the tibial nerve?

A

Superiorly, posterior tibial nerve is medial to artery

Inferiorly, posterior tibial nerve is lateral to artery