The Foot

Question 1

Name the Tarsal bones (7)
How many Metatarsal bones are there?
How many Phalanges are there and what are their distinctions?

Answer 1

Calcaneus
Talus
Cuboid 
Navicular
Cuneiform--Lateral, Intermediate, Medial
5 Metatarsals
14 phalanges, 3 for each toe and 2 for the great toe.

Question 2

Dorsum of the foot.
What are the two muscles?
F?

Answer 2

Extensor digitorum brevis
Extensor hallucis brevis
Extension of the toes.
Largely unimportant.

Question 3

Nerve/Blood supply
N? 2
Blood?

Answer 3

Deep fibular n.: motor
Superficial fibular n: sensory
Anterior Tibial Art.–Dorsalis pedis

Question 4

What types of injuries contribute to swelling of the anterior compartment which results in anterior compartment syndrome?

Answer 4

Blows to the shin such as kicks during soccer matches.

Question 5

Name the four features of the Plantar Foot.

Answer 5

1 Skin thicker (many sweat glands, bound to deep fascia)
2 Superficial fascia is thicker.
3 Deep fascia is specialized (Plantar aponeurosis).
4 Designed for weight-bearing (vessels and nerves protected)

Question 6

Define aponeurosis

Answer 6

a sheetlike tendinous expansion, mainly serving to connect a muscle with the parts it moves.

Question 7

Plantar Aponeurosis
Define
F? 2

Answer 7

Dense irregular connective tissue.
Supports longitudinal arch.
Protects deeper structures.

Question 8

What is plantar fasciitis?

Answer 8

Inflammation of the plantar fascia causes heel pain.
Tension in the gastrocnemius muscles can pull on the calcaneous tendon to tighten the plantar aponeurosis and cause pain.

Question 9

Name the 1st layer of Plantar muscles. 3
N? 2
Common attachment?

Answer 9

Abductor Hallucis: MP Medial plantar.
Flexor Digitorum Brevis: MP
Abductor Digiti Minimi: LP
Medial and Lateral Plantar Tibial Nerves.
Calcaneous Tendon.

Question 10

Name the 2nd layer of Plantar muscles. 2

N? 2

Answer 10

Quadratus Plantae: LP
Lumbricals: MP & LP
Medial and Lateral Plantar Tibial Nerves.

Question 11

The Lumbricals have what type of head?
What to they do?
What are they anchored to?

Answer 11

Extensor Head.
These muscles pull the toes up and flex at the metatarsal joint. (Bye bye muscles)
Anchored to Flexor Digitorum Longus Tendons.

Question 12

Name the 3rd layer of Plantar muscles. 3

N? 2

Answer 12

Flexor hallucis brevis: MP
Adductor hallucis: LP
Flexor digiti minimi brevis: LP
Medial and Lateral Plantar Tibial nerves

Question 13

Name the 4th layer of Plantar muscles. 2

N? 1

Answer 13

Plantar interossei (3): LP
Dorsal interossei (4): LP
Lateral plantar nerve

Question 14

Define Hallucis

Answer 14

Big toe

Question 15

Innervation
What nerve forms the two main nerves of the foot?
Name the two main nerves of the foot and which is bigger.

Answer 15

Tibial nerve forms;
Medial plantar n. (Bigger)
Lateral plantar n.

Question 16

Medial Plantar N.
What 4 muscles does it innervate?
What is its distribution?
What toes does it innervate

Answer 16

Medial (1st) Lumbrical.
Abductor hallucis muscle.
Flexor hallucis brevis.
Flexor digitorum brevis.
(LAFF)
Cutaneous distribution.
1st 3 toes and half of 4th toe.

Question 17

What type distribution does the Lateral Plantar N. have?

What toes does it innervate?

Answer 17

Cutaneous distribution.

Pinky toe and half of 4th toe.

Question 18

What is the arterial supply of the plantar area and its branches?
What does it travel with?

Answer 18

Tibial artery.
Medial Plantar
Lateral Plantar
Tibial n.