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Parastitology/Mycology > The Flagellates > Flashcards

The Flagellates Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two morphologic forms of flagellates?

A

Trophozoites and cysts.

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2
Q

What is the infectious stage?

A

Ingestion of infected cysts.

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3
Q

Where do trophozoites emerge?

A

Intestines.

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4
Q

How do trophozoites multiply?

A

Asexual binary fission

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5
Q

Can trophozoites survive in outside environment?

A

Possibly, but it depends on the specific flagellate.

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6
Q

Can cysts survive in outside environment?

A

Yes they can, they continue to develop in outside world for subsequent entry into unsuspecting human.

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7
Q

What is the specimen of choice for recovering extraintestinal flagellates?

A
  1. mouth scrapings
  2. centrifuged urine
  3. vaginal/urethral discharge
  4. prostate secretions
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8
Q

How are flagellates differentiated from each other?

A
  1. Size
  2. Shape
  3. Nuclear structures
  4. Flagellate number/arrangement
  5. Cytoplasmic features
  6. Presence of undulating membrane
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9
Q

What is the only intestinal flagellate considered pathogenic?

A

Giardia intestinalis.

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10
Q

What are the two intestinal species?

A

Giardia intestinalis and chilomastix mesnelli

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11
Q

What is the one extraintestinal species?

A

Trichomonas vaginalis.

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12
Q

How is giardia intestinalis transmitted?

A
  1. Contaminated food/water
  2. Hand-to-mouth
  3. Unprotected sex
  4. Circulating flies and cockroaches
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13
Q

Where is giardia intestinalis found?

A

Worldwide in multiple water sources.

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14
Q

True or false:
Cysts are resistant to routine water chlorination.

A

True
* chemical and filtration processes required

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15
Q

What populations are at risk for G. intestinalis?

A
  1. Children in day care centers
  2. Individuals in areas of poor sanitations
  3. Travelers to and who drink contaminated water in endemic areas
  4. Homosexual males
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16
Q

What are the animal reservoir hosts for G. intestinalis?

A

Beavers, muskrats, water voles, domestic animals

17
Q

How often do G. intestinalis trophozoites multiply?

A

Every 8 hours by longitudinal binary fission.

18
Q

How do trophozoites attach to mucosa?

A

Sucking discs.

19
Q

What are the symptomatic intestinal symptoms of G. intestinalis?

A

Diarrhea, abdominal cramps, bloating, weightloss, chronic fatigue.

20
Q

What is the incubation period of Giardia?

A

10-26 days
* individuals with IgG/A deficiency are susceptible to recurring infections.

21
Q

What is the epidemiology of Chilomastix mesnelli?

A

Cosmopolitan - prefers warm climates.

22
Q

How do you prevent Chilomastic?

A

Good sanitation and personal hygiene practices.

23
Q

Where does Trichomonas vaginalis reside in women and men?

A

Mucosal surface of the vagina in women or prostate gland region.

24
Q

What do the trophozoites in Trichomonas feed on?

A

Bacteria and leukocytes.

25
Q

What is the mode of transmission for Trichomonas vaginalis?

A

Sexual intercourse and passage from mother to child via birth canal.

26
Q

True or false:
Trophozoites can survive in urine, on wet sponges, and on damp towels for hours.

A

True.

27
Q

What are the symptoms of Trichomonas?

A
  1. Dysuria
  2. Thick vaginal discharge
  3. Burning on urination
  4. Vaginal itching
28
Q

How did Antonie von Leewenhoek obtain the specimen regarding Giardia?

A
29
Q

What is the animal reservoir for Giardia?

A

humans.

30
Q

Draw the life cycle of Giardia.

A
31
Q

How is Trichomonas transmitted? How is this different than most protozoan transmission mechanisms?

A

Sexual intercorse. This is different because most protozoans are transmitted through fecal-oral route with a cyst stage.

32
Q

How is the life cycle of Trichomonas different than other flagellates or amoebae?

A

No cyst stage.

Parastitology/Mycology (4 decks)

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