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Parastitology/Mycology > The Amoeba > Flashcards

The Amoeba Flashcards

1
Q

What are Ameba?

A

Single-celled parasite that moves by means of cytoplasm extensions called pseudopods (false feet)

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2
Q

Trophozoite

A

Motile feeding stage of amebas that multiply by binary fission

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3
Q

Cyst

A

Non-motile, non-feeding stage of amebas that are capable of survival outside their hosts and initiating human infection

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4
Q

Karysome

A

Central mass of chromatin inside select amebic nuclei

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5
Q

Peripheral chromatin

A

Ring of chromatin that surrounds the nuclei of select amebas

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6
Q

Chromatid bar

A

Oblong structures containing condensed RNA material in the cytoplasm of amebic cysts

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7
Q

Excystation

A

The transformation of amebic cysts into amebic trophozoites

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8
Q

Encystation

A

The transformation of amebic trophozoites into amebic cysts

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9
Q

What are the two amebic morphologic forms?

A

Trophozoites and Cysts

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10
Q

What is the infective stage?

A

Ingestion of cysts in the human intestinal tract

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11
Q

How do trophozoites multiply in the intestinal tract?

A

Asexual binary fission

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12
Q

What is the diagnostic stage?

A

When cysts and/or trophozoites do not make the conversion in time.
- Usually found in the stool

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13
Q

Can trophozoites live in outside environment?

A

No in the outside environment they disintegrate.

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14
Q

Can cysts live in outside environment?

A

Yes they continue to develop in the outside world for subsequent entry into unsuspecting human.

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15
Q

True or False:
Most intestinal amebic infections are asymptomatic.

A

True

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16
Q

What intestinal ameba is pathogenic?

A

Entamoeba Histolytica

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17
Q

What is the sample of choice for recovering intestinal amoeba?

A

Stool

18
Q

What is the sample of choice for recovering extraintestinal amoebae?

A

CSF/brain tissue or corneal scrapings.

19
Q

What are the 3 intenstinal species?

A

Entamoeba histolytica
Entamoeba hartmanni
Endolimax nana

20
Q

What are the 2 extraintestinal species?

A

Naegleria fowleri
Acanthoamoeba species

21
Q

Where can you find E. histolytica?

A

Tropic,subtropic, and cold climates.

22
Q

How is E. histolytica transmitted?

A

Via contaminated food/water, hand-to-mouth, unprotected sex (anal/oral)

Circulating flies and cockroaches.

23
Q

What are the symptoms of an E. histolytica infection?

A

Diarrhea, dysentery, abdominal pain/cramping, weight loss.

24
Q

Prevention and control of E. histolytica

A
  1. Proper water treatment and food/handling preparation
  2. Protected sex
  3. Protection of food from insects
  4. Avoidance of human stool
25
Q

Laboratory diagnosis of E. histolytica

A
  1. Stool
    - evidence of RBCs within cytoplasm
26
Q

What are the two non-pathogenic ameba?

A

Entamoeba hartmanni and endolimax nana

27
Q

How can you disninguish E. histolytica vs. Endolimax hartmanni in diagnosis?

A

Major difference is SIZE

28
Q

Transmission for Endolimax hartmanni

A
  1. Consumption of contaminated food/water
  2. Via insects
29
Q

What are the two extraintestinal species of amoeba?

A

Naegleria fowleri and acanthamoeba species

30
Q

Where is Naegleria fowleri found?

A

Warm bodies of water including lakes, streams, ponds, and swimming pools and contaminated dust

31
Q

What severe disease does Naegleria fowleri cause?

A

Primary amebic meningoencephalitis (PAM)
- trophozoites invade and cause rapid brain tissue destruction.

32
Q

How do you diagnose Naegleria fowleri?

A

Saline/iodine wet preps of CSF are best for ameboid trophs, tissues, or nasal discharge

33
Q

What are the 3 morphologic forms of naegleria fowleri?

A
  1. Ameboid trophozoite
  2. Flagellate form
  3. Cyst
34
Q

True or false:
Entire life cycle of N. fowleri occurs in external environment.

A

True

35
Q

What is the epidemiology of Acanthamoeba species?

A

Immunocompromised or debilitated individuals at greatest risk for CNS infections; or soft contact lens wearers.

36
Q

What is Granulomatous amebic encaphalitis (GAE)?

A

Granulomatous lesions of the brain that result in ocular pain and vision problems.

37
Q

How do humans contact Acanthamoeba species?

A
  1. Aspiration or nasal inhalation of the organisms through nasal mucousa and/or skin
  2. Direction invasion into the eye
38
Q

What is the reservoir for E. histolytica?

A

Humans/accidental host

39
Q

Describe the life cycle of E. histolytica in your own words.

A
40
Q

What is the concern with untreated infections of E.histolytica?

A

Extraintestinal mybiosis.

Parastitology/Mycology (5 decks)

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