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Parastitology/Mycology > Leishmania > Flashcards

Leishmania Flashcards

1
Q

Hemoflagellate

A

Single-celled parasite that moves by means of tail-like extensions that RESIDES IN BLOOD AND TISSUE

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2
Q

Parasitemia

A

Infection in the blood

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3
Q

Kinetoplast

A

Specialized region of the mitochondria that contains DNA

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4
Q

Blepharoplast

A

Microtubule-based organelle that assemblies cilia and flagella

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5
Q

Where are hemoflagellate parasites located?

A

Blood and tissue

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6
Q

True or false:
Transmission is vector borne

A

True

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7
Q

What are the 4 forms of Hemoflagellate morphology?

A
  1. Amastigote
  2. Promastigote
  3. Epimastigote
  4. Trypomastigote
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8
Q

Where are amastigotes typically found in humans?

A

Tissue, muscle, and CNS

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9
Q

Where are trypomastigotes typically found in humans?

A

Peripheral blood.

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10
Q

What are the morphologic forms of Hemoflagellates based on?

A
  1. Shape
  2. Presence/absence of a flagellum
  3. Presence and length of undulating membrane
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11
Q

What do you sample for a labaratory diagnosis of Hemoflagellate infection?

A

Peripheral blood, lymph node and ulcer aspirations, tissue bioposies, bone marrow, CSF

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12
Q

What are the symptoms of Leishmania?

A
  1. small red papule at bite site
  2. itching
  3. fever
  4. diarrhea
  5. death
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13
Q

True or False:
The life cycle of Leishmania involves a mammalian host and an arthropod host.

A

True

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14
Q

What arthropod is responsible for Leishmania?

A

Sand fly

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15
Q

Where can Leishmania parasites be found?

A

Macrophages and other phagocytic cells in tissues.

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16
Q

What are the 3 diseases Leishmania can manifest into?

A
  1. Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL)
  2. Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis (MCL)
  3. Visceral leishmaniasis (VL)
17
Q

What os the life cycle of Leishmania?

A
18
Q

What are the clinical symptoms of Leishmaniasis?

A
  1. Oriental sore, Baghdad or Delhi boil
  2. Small red papule at bite site
  3. Painless nodule
  4. Pus-containing ucler
19
Q

Where can the organism be found during an infection?

A

Organism is found only in the living tissue at the raised margin of the lesion.

  • necrotic tissue found in depressed center.
20
Q

How can you prevent and control Leishmaniasis?

A
  1. Control sand fly and reservoir host populations
  2. Use protective equipment
21
Q

True or False:
Sandflies bite at any time of day.

A

False, they bite during the morning, late in the evening, and at night.

22
Q

What is the laboratory diagnosis for Leishmaniasis?

A

Samples are taken from the margin of an active ulcer. A giemsa-stain will be done to look for amastigotes underneath ulcer fluid and ulcer tissue for promastigotes.

23
Q

What Leishmania species is responsible for MCL?

A

L. braziliensis

24
Q

What is the epidemiology of L. braziliensis?

A

Central and South America ( New World)

25
Q

What are the 3 reservoir hosts for L. braziliensis?

A

Forest rodents, domestic dogs, various rainforest animals

26
Q

What is the mode of transmission for Mucocutaneous Leishmaniasis?

A

Sand fly injects parasite into human.

27
Q

What is the infective stage for humans?

A

Promastigotes

28
Q

What are the clinical symptoms for Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis?

A

Large ulcera in nasal or oral mucosa that may result in permanent disfigurement of face if untreated.

29
Q

What is the specimen of choice for diagnosing Mucocutaneous leishmanias?

A

Amastigotes

30
Q

What is the epidemiology for L. donovani?

A

Northern India , Nepal, and South America.

31
Q

What is the life cycle of L. donovani? (Visceral Leishmaniasis)

A
32
Q

What are the clinical symptoms of Visceral Leishmaniasis?

A

Early stages resemble malaria or typhoid fever.
1. Hepatosplenomegaly
2. Diarrhea
3. Anemia
4. Kidney damage
5. Darkening of the skin.

33
Q

How does Visceral Leishmaniasis manifest its disease?

A

Incubation period ranging from 2 weeks to 18 months.
* Chronic cases - possible death in 1-2 years
* Acute disease - lethal in weeks

34
Q

What is the name of the unique organelle found in leishmania and trypanosomes?

A
35
Q

Define “vector” and name the vector of leishmania.

A
36
Q

Which cells to leishmania parasites infect in the human host?

A

Macrophages

37
Q

Where does the amastigote develop into the metacylic promastigote?

A

Parastitology/Mycology (4 decks)

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