The Final Emt Deck Flashcards
Patient with hypertension may experience
Dizziness, syncope, altered sensorium
Least likely symptom for hypothermia
Low blood pressure
Best position for a patient with hypotension
Supine
Aortic aneurysms can present with regarding pulse
Unequal pulses, in arms or legs
What is the least likely to cause chest pain?
Anaphylaxis
Crackle heard on auscultation indicate
 Fluid in the lungs
Most effective treatment for exertional heat, stroke in the field 
 Cold water, immersion
Pulmonary edema comes from what shock
Cardiogenic
Patience with cardiac problems don’t let him in what position
 Supine
Increased jugular, venous pressure, muffled heart sounds pulses, paradoxus in shock are strong, suggestions of
Cardiac tomponade
Don’t do the Heimlich maneuver on
Pregnant females instead commence chest thrusts
What does wheezing mean?
Whistling, sound heard during inspiration or expiration
Vocal cord dysfunction causes one on inspiration
Wheezing
Foreign body obstruction will cause
Stridor
Gastric detention is more common in who
Children
Proliferation phase of menstrual cycle occurs when it is caused by what
First two weeks, Astrid S
Urinary frequency is the need to
Urinate many times in a day, but a normal or less than normal volumes
Strangury
Slow, painful unintentional passage of small volumes of urine
Nocturnia
Frequent night time urination
Sitting a patient up to watch their blood pressure
Lower
Chronic kidney disease affects all systems of the body, and may cause a reoccurring
Infection, anemia, and heart failure
Third trimester, abdominal pain equals
Abrupto placenta
Children maintain adequate blood pressure for white more than adults, but they decompensate what
Longer than adults faster
Blood pressure is not a reliable indicator of perfusion, in
pediatrics
Front of the body is antomical called
Anterior
Name of the cardiac cells, ability to generate it on electrical impulse
I, automaticity
Focal electrical site that causes the ventricles to contract is called
Atrioventricular
Which gland is most affected by diabetes
 The pancreas
Playing it by the body into left and right side
Sagittal
Proximal versus distal
Proximal means closer to the trunk of the body, while distal means further away
Nitro has a what effect on vessels ? It’s decreases what ? And increases what
Dilates vessels , decreases cardiac workload and increase blood flow
Ventricular fibrillation is a condition affecting which system of the heart
Mechanical
Moderate hypothermia is between what temp
80 to 90°
When it comes to hypothermia, the absence of shivering means, the patient has moved beyond what stage
Mild stage
When cooling a heat stroke, patient ice packs must be applied to
Auxiliary, cervical, and growing areas
Average adult has how many liters of blood
5 to 6
If blood is lost as a result of a traumatic injury, the result may be a condition called
Hyperfusion syndrome, or traumatic shock, which is inadequate circulation of blood through an organ
Emt must immediately stop loss of blood, but the MT must always secure watch first
Airway
Classic sign of hypovolemic shock is
Dropping blood pressure
Chest wound accompanied by gurgling sounds, and I thought the blood indicate that the lungs has been
Penetrated this could lead to severe collapse of the lung or pneumothorax
Regarding occlusive dressing, how many sides would you use for Chest and neck .. abdomen
3, 4
Treatment for burns first
Remove any burning clothing/jewelry, poor copious, amount of water or saline and be alert for a word compromise
Third thing to do regarding burns
Check patient’s temperature, manage any hypothermia or dehydration, give a supplement oxygen
Avoid placing Npa’s, when
Facial trauma
Paradoxical motion, during respiration means
 Opposite of what happened to normally breathing so when you breathe in your chest falls when you breathe out, your chest rises
Flail chest is a major trauma treat with
Hi blue oxygen be a nonrebreather be alert for respiratory failure
Chest injury that is bubbling is called
sucking chest wound dress with a three sided occlusive dressing
Close chest wounds are caused by blunt traumas to the heart, a serious condition which is called
Cardiac tamponade
Visceral pain
Dull in nature . Nature typically intermediate, patient is not able to identify where it’s coming from.
Parietal pain
Sharp, stabbing, localizing nature patient can often directly identify where it’s coming from
Patient with gallbladder issues may have pain in the
, right shoulder
Tearing and ripping pain
Often associated with ulcers and abdominal aortic aneurysms
Circumferential means
All the way around
For us, I can trust Bone the priority is to prevent entry of excess air into the thoracic cavity by
Applying occlusive dressing
If no respiration rate or being unresponsive is given in a scenario regarding sucking Chess wound then apply what first
occlusive dressing?
Pain to the neck as you apply pressure to the soles of the feet indicate some type of pressure to
Spinal cord
High core body temperature resulting from infection, may cause pediatric seizures they referred to as
Febrile seizures
Dehydration will coincide with White regarding young children because they have much lower blood supplies than adult
Hypoperfusion
Low blood pressure in a pediatric patient is a late sign of what
Shock
Tubes in a place inside the skull to divert excessive fluid to either the stomach or to a reservoir on the side of the neck. If this device fails, the patient will present with signs of brain injury. What is this called?
Shunt
Neonates - age
infants
Toddler
Preschooler
School age
Adolescent
Born - 4 weeks
4 weeks to 1
1-3
3/6
6-10
11- 18
Infants, airways, proportionally, what than that of an adolescent
Smaller
What type of respirator should not be used in pediatrics?
Oxygen power manual respirators
The vagina is called the cervix which is blocked by White during pregnancy
Mucus plug
Perineum is what
The area of skin that extends from the anus to the scrotum, or the vuvla in females
Shock management includes
Keeping the patient warm, providing oxygen, vaginal bleeding and constantly assassin vitals
Ectopic pregnancies
Egg is fertilized outside the uterus most commonly happens in fallopian tubes , 1st trimester,
Pre eclampsia
High bp , begins week 20
Eclampsia
seizures that occur in pregnant people with preeclampsia. Symptoms of eclampsia are high blood pressure, headaches, blurry vision and convulsions
Supine hypotension syndrome
Compression of the inferior vena cava and aorta by fetus . symptoms last 3 to 10 minutes after laying down and include tachycardia Diaphoresis nausea, vomiting, weakness
tachycardia, hypertension, headache, anxiety, apprehension, palpitations, diaphoresis, nausea, vomiting, weakness, and tremors are side effects of. ?
epinephrine
Flank pain has many possible causes,
including a kidney stone, a urinary tract infection, or back strain.
CPR uses chest compressions to mimic how the heart pumps.
These compressions help keep
blood flowing throughout the body.
Bronchospasm, bronchial edema, and increased mucus production in the lower airways best describe the pathophysiology of:
Asthma
During shock, the blood vessels contract, making the skin:
Cold
No breath sounds on the right side in this context suggest
collapsed lung either from penumothorax or hemothorax. This condition would make oxygenation of the blood difficult so high flow oxygen should be provided.
The trachea divides into the two main ? The right bronchus is ?? and more vertical than the left, thus aspiration material is more likely to end up in the ??
bronchi
shorter, wider
right lung.
crackling sounds that can occur when air is forced into collapsed aveoli or there is fluid in the aveoli.
Rales
are low pitched snoring sounds that are a sign of larger airway obstruction.
Rhonchi
Vesicular is a general term that describes
Normal lung sounds
pulse oximetry cannot distinguish carboxyhemoglobin from
oxyhemoglobin
respiratory failure, inadequate alveolar ventilation is exhibited
Decrease in or excessively high respiratory
rate
2. Decrease in tidal volume (or both)
3. Patients in respiratory failure are severely ill
constriction of the airways and increased mucus production,
Asthma
best indicates that a patient is in respiratory failure?
inadequate rate and/or tidal volume.
respiratory distress signs
Intercostal retractions
Tachypnea
Stridor
most common cause of pediatric bradycardia
Hypoxia
Administering excessive tidal volume with a bag-valve-mask device can result in:
Too much tidal volume results in an increase in intrathoracic pressure, which impairs the venous return of the blood to the right side of the heart, thereby decreasing preload.
Peripheral cyanosis is the
bluish discoloration of the distal extremities (Hands, fingertips, toes),
signs and symptoms of a possible left ventricle (or systolic) heart failure. The pump portion of the heart is unable to pump efficiently and ??? and often cases into the ???
fluid begins to back up into the lungs
peripheral tissue.
What ventricular failure can cause jugular venous distention, ascites, and peripheral edema, but usually not pulmonary edema.
Right
What can cause acute right sided heart failure
Pulmonary embolism
Ascites
Abdominal swelling caused by accumulation of fluid, most often related to liver disease.
Formerly referred to as “blood agents,” these actually have no impact on the blood. They work by preventing the use of oxygen within the body’s cells, and therefore are cellular asphyxiants.
Cyanides.
situated or extending between the ribs.
Inter coastal
Ventilation is determined by
respiratory rate and tidal volume.
gastroenteritis
An intestinal infection marked by diarrhea, cramps, nausea, vomiting, and fever.
When a patient has a second or subsequent seizures without waking up, this is classified as
Status epilepticus
Where are the adrenal glands located?
On top of kidneys
Esophageal varices
Abnormal veins in the lower part of the tube running from the throat to the stomach.
Obtundation is a state similar
lethargy
A low pulse
pressure usually indicate low stroke volume as in trauma patients with?
significant blood loss or heart failure/cardiogenic shock patients.
A low pulse pressure can also be caused by
aortic valve stenosis and cardiac tamponade.
A pulse pressure is considered abnormally low (or narrow) if it is less than
25% of the systolic value.
Aortic requig, anemia, arteriosclerosis hyperthyroid and sepsis could happen when you see what with the pulse ?
Widening of pulse greater than 40
Cardiogenic shock, , bleeding a lot , aortic stenosis and cardiac tamponade could happen when what happens to the pulse ?
It narrows . Les than 40
The initial electrical impulse in the normal functioning heart originates in the what node.
sinoatrial node
atrioventricular node (AVN) is a
electrical gatekeeper between the atria and ventricles and introduces a delay between atrial and ventricular excitation, allowing for efficient ventricular
Angioplasty
When they go in and cleanup your arteries due to peripheral artery disease.
cyanosis typically indicates
hypoxia (lack of oxygen).
Pale skin: could mean
anemia (low blood cells), dehydration, or shock. It means the body either doesn’t have enough red blood cells or is not allowing blood to flow all the way to the skin.
Jaundice: Yellow discoloration of the skin is a sign of
acute or chronic liver disease.
Flushed skin: This can indicate
too much blood flow to the surface of the skin. Heat overexposure and fever can cause the same as the body re-routes the blood to the surface to release heat. (2)
if the hot leg is also swollen and red.
This could be a sign of
deep vein thrombosis
(DVT) or cellulitis
cellulitis
potentially serious bacterial skin infection redness of skin
Hot skin: An indicator of
or indicate fever or a systemic infection if the entire body is hot.
Cool skin: A sign of
poor circulation.
Causes include obesity, heart failure, hypothermia, diabetes, hypothyroidism (low thyroid function), and sepsis.
Tidal volume refers to:
The amount of air a person inhales and expires with each brath when they are breathing at rest is called tidal volume. Adequate tidal volume in an adult is approximately 500 CC.
When manually ventilating a patient with a pulse, you should squeeze the bag every seconds for an adult and every
seconds
for a child.
To maintain adequate perfusion, manual ventilation should be performed at a rate of 1 breath every 5 to 6 sec in an adult, for a total of
10 - 12 breaths per minute. In a child, manual ventilation should be performed at a rate of 1 breath every 3 to 5 sec, for a total of 12 to 20 breaths per minute.
Shock and hypoperfusion both relate to
lack of oxygenated blood flow to areas of the body.
Respiratory failure is a medical term for
inadequate gas exchange by the respiratory system. Respiratory failure can be indicated by observing a drop in 02 saturation and breathing rate / quality.
A decrease in stroke volume results in decreases in
cardiac output and blood pressure. Insufficient cardiac output can cause patient to go into cardiogenic shock.
Pale, Cool, skin suggests a lack of
oxygen or hypoperfusion of the tissue.
cirrhosis
Liver damage due to drinking
If a patient is hypotensive; sitting the patient
Would worsen his blood pressure.
Patients with septic shock tend to be regarding temp
warm to touch as it is a vasodilatory state.
patients with cardiogenic and hypovolemic shock tends to be regarding temp
cold to touch due to the peripheral vasoconstriction.
Fever is a sign of
Infection
Edema to the legs or sacrum is often a result of right-sided
congestive heart failure.
most common cause of ascites is
cirrhosis of the liver.
