The Final 150 Part 1 Flashcards
Why did Europeans come to America to colonize?
To acquire new land and spread Christianity
Virginia Company
The joint stock company that established James town
Jamestown
The Jamestown settlement in the Colony of Virginia was the first permanent English settlement in the Americas. William Kelso writes that Jamestown “is where the British Empire began.”
John Smith
Born in 1579 or 1580 in Lincolnshire, England, John Smith eventually made his way to America to help govern the British colony of Jamestown. After allegedly being saved from death by Pocahontas, he established trading agreements with native tribes.
Pocahontas
Pocahontas was a Native American notable for her association with the colonial settlement at Jamestown, Virginia
John Rolfe
John Rolfe was one of the early English settlers of North America. He is credited with the first successful cultivation of tobacco as an export crop in the Colony of Virginia and is known as the husband
Tobacco
Tobacco was the biggest crop for America back when England first came over
Bacon’s Rebellion
Bacon’s Rebellion was an armed rebellion in 1676 by Virginia settlers led by Nathaniel Bacon against the rule of Governor William Berkeley
Plymouth Colony
A colony where the pilgrims lived when they came over
Pilgrims
a person who journeys to a sacred place for religious reasons.
Mayflower
The Mayflower was the ship that transported the first English Separatists, known today as the Pilgrims, from Plymouth
Mayflower Compact
The Mayflower Compact was the first governing document of Plymouth Colony.
William Bradford
William Bradford was an English Separatist originally from the West Riding of Yorkshire, who later moved to Leiden in Holland, and then in 1620 migrated to the Plymouth Colony on the Mayflower.
Squanto and Samoset
The first Indian to greet the Pilgrims, Samoset fostered goodwill and trade with the Europeans. He introduced the white men to Squanto, an emissary of the great Wampanoag chief, Massasoit, who facilitated the long-term peace between the Pilgrims and Massasoit.
Puritans
a member of a group of English Protestants of the late 16th and 17th centuries who regarded the Reformation of the Church of England under Elizabeth as incomplete and sought to simplify and regulate forms of worship.
Massachusetts Bay Colony
The Massachusetts Bay Colony was an English settlement on the east coast of North America in the 17th century in and around the broad opening of Massachusetts Bay, the northernmost predecessor colony.
John Winthrop
John Winthrop was an English Puritan lawyer and one of the leading figures in founding the Massachusetts Bay Colony, the second major settlement in New England, following Plymouth Colony.
Anne Hutchinson and Roger Williams
Anne Hutchinson and Roger Williams weren’t the only Puritans ostracized for their radical beliefs. Mary Dyer was a friend of Anne Hutchinson and stood by Anne when she was banished from the colony. Mary and her family moved to Rhode Island and years later Mary became a Quaker.
Salem Witch Trials
The Salem witch trials were a series of hearings and prosecutions of people accused of witchcraft in colonial Massachusetts between February 1692 and May 1693
William Penn
William Penn was the son of Sir William Penn, and was an English real estate entrepreneur, philosopher, early Quaker, and founder of the Province of Pennsylvania, the English North American colony and the future Commonwealth of Pennsylvania.
Quakers
The religious event is sometimes called a Quaker meeting for worship or sometimes called a Friends church service. This religious tradition arose among Friends in the United States, in the 19th century, and in response to the many converts to Christian Quakerism during the national spiritual revival of the time.
Pacifists
a person who believes that war and violence are unjustifiable.
James Oglethorpe’s debtor and buffer colony
By this time any ideas of Georgia’s being a haven for debtors in English prisons had long … James Oglethorpe defended the new colony of Georgia militarily, holding the titles of general and James …
The first great awakening
The first wave of religion (Christianity) that was in America
Triangular Trade
Trade that was a triangle in shape which gave the US a lot of slaves
Poor Richard’s Almanack, Albany Plan of Union and Join or Die Cartoon
Join or die cartoon was about him telling America that if we don’t come together as one, then we will die
John Peter Zenger Trial
It organizes opposition and can help revolutionary ideas spread. The trial of John Peter Zenger, a New York printer, was an important step toward this most precious freedom for American colonists. John Peter Zenger was a German immigrant who printed a publication called The New York Weekly Journal.
Cause of French and Indian War
The colonists called it the French and Indian War, and it permanently shifted the global balance of power. By the mid-18th century, both the British and French wanted to extend their North American colonies into the land west of the Appalachian Mountains, known then as the Ohio Territory.
Proclamation of 1763
The Royal Proclamation of 1763 was issued October 7, 1763, by King George III following Great Britain’s acquisition of French territory in North America after the end of the French and Indian War/Seven Years’ War, which forbade all settlement past a line drawn along the Appalachian Mountains.
The Sugar Act
The Sugar Act, also known as the American Revenue Act, was a revenue-raising act passed by the British Parliament of Great Britain in April of 1764. The earlier Molasses Act of 1733, which had imposed a tax of six pence per gallon of molasses, had never been effectively collected due to colonial resistance and evasion.
The Stamp Act
The Stamp Act of 1765 was an Act of the Parliament of Great Britain that imposed a direct tax on the colonies of British America and required that many printed materials in the colonies be produced on.
The Boston Massacre
The Boston Massacre, known as the Incident on King Street by the British, was an incident on March 5, 1770, in which British Army soldiers shot and killed people while under attack by a mob.
The Boston Tea Party
The Boston Tea Party was a political protest by the Sons of Liberty in Boston, on December 16, 1773. The demonstrators, some disguised as Native Americans, in defiance of the Tea Act of May 10, 1773, destroyed an entire shipment of tea sent by the East India Company.
The Intolerable/Coercive Acts
The Intolerable Acts were the American Patriots’ term for a series of punitive laws passed by the British Parliament in 1774 after the Boston Tea Party.
The Coercive Acts are names used to describe a series of laws relating to Britain’s colonies in North America and passed by the British Parliament in 1774
Patrick Henry
Patrick Henry was an American attorney, planter and politician who became known as an orator during the movement for independence in Virginia
Samuel Adams and the Sons of Liberty
A strong opponent of British taxation, Adams helped formulate resistance to the Stamp Act and played a vital role in organizing the Boston Tea Party.
John Hancock
was an American merchant, statesman, and prominent Patriot of the American Revolution. He served as president of the Second Continental Congress and was the first and third Governor of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts.
Thomas Paine’s Common Sense
Pamphlet that talk d about how America needs to secede from Britain
Declaration of Independence – Year, location, author, significance
1776,Philadelphia, Thomas Jefferson, showed that America was independent
Cause of American Revolutionary War
British wanted to make as much money as possible out of the 13 Colonies.
Loyalists
The Loyalists were American colonists who remained loyal to the British Crown during the American Revolutionary War.
Patriots
People in the 13 colonies that went against Britain and fought for independence
Battles of Lexington and Concord
The Battles of Lexington and Concord were the first military engagements of the American Revolutionary War. The battles were fought on April 19, 1775, in Middlesex County, Province of Massachusetts Bay, within the towns of Lexington, Concord, Lincoln, Menotomy (present-day Arlington), and Cambridge, near Boston.
Battle of Saratoga
The Battles of Saratoga marked the climax of the Saratoga campaign giving a decisive victory to the Americans over the British in the American Revolutionary War.
Winter at Valley Forge
Valley Forge was the military camp 18 miles northwest of Philadelphia where the American Continental Army spent the winter of 1777–78 during the American Revolutionary War.
Battle of Yorktown
was a decisive victory by a combined force of American Continental Army troops led by General George Washington and French Army
Benedict Arnold
Benedict Arnold was a general during the American Revolutionary War who originally fought for the American Continental Army but defected to the British Army.
Lead commander of the Patriots troops in the war
George Washington
Marquis de La Fayette
French aristocrat and military officer who fought in the American Revolutionary War
Friedrich von Steuben
Prussian and American military officer.
Francis Marion
Francis Marion was a military officer who served in the American Revolutionary War
guerrilla warfare
A hit and run tactic used in the war
Treaty of Paris 1783
ended the American Revolutionary War.
Northwest Ordinance of 1787
was an act of the Congress of the Confederation of the United States (the Confederation Congress), passed July 13, 1787.
Articles of Confederation
the first constitution of the United States, on November 15, 1777.
Shays’ Rebellion
Shays’ Rebellion was an armed uprising in Massachusetts during 1786 and 1787. Revolutionary War veteran Daniel Shays led four thousand rebels in an uprising against perceived economic and civil rights injustices.
The Great Compromise
was an agreement that large and small states reached during the Constitutional Convention of 1787 that in part defined the legislative structure and representation that each state would have under the United States
3/5 compromise
The population of slaves would be counted as three-fifths in total when apportioning Representatives, as well as Presidential electors and taxes.
The US Constitution – Father of, year, and purpose
James Madison,1787,First it creates a national government consisting of a legislative, an executive, and a judicial branch, with a system of checks and balances among the three branches. Second, it divides power between the federal government and the states.
Bill of Rights
The first 10 amendments
1st Amendment
Gave the freedom of speech,religion,press,petition,assembly
2nd Amendment
Right to own guns
4th Amendment
Protects against unreasonable searches
5th Amendment
No one shall be held guilty until proven
6th Amendment
Right to a speedy trial
Three Branches of Government and their purpose
Our federal government has three parts. They are the Executive, (President and about 5,000,000 workers) Legislative (Senate and House of Representatives) and Judicial (Supreme Court and lower Courts).
Whiskey Rebellion
The Whiskey Rebellion was a tax protest in the United States beginning in 1791
Alexander Hamilton
Alexander Hamilton was an American statesman and one of the Founding Fathers of the United States
Alien and Sedition Acts
A series of laws known collectively as the Alien and Sedition Acts were passed by the Federalist Congress in 1798 and signed into law by President Adams. These laws included new powers to deport foreigners as well as making it harder for new immigrants to vote.
John Sevier
John Sevier was an American soldier, frontiersman and politician, and one of the founding fathers, of the State of Tennessee
Natchez Trace
historic forest trail within the United States which extends roughly 440 miles (710 km) from Natchez, Mississippi, to Nashville, Tennessee, linking the Cumberland, Tennessee, and Mississippi Rivers.
Marbury v Madison
Marbury v. Madison, 5 U.S. 137, was a landmark United States Supreme Court case in which the Court formed the basis for the exercise of judicial review in the United States under Article III of the Constitution.
Judicial review
review by the US Supreme Court of the constitutional validity of a legislative act.
McCulloch v Maryland
McCulloch v. Maryland, 17 U.S. 316, was a landmark decision by the Supreme Court of the United States.
