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Social Studies Exam > The Fertile Crescent > Flashcards

The Fertile Crescent Flashcards

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1
Q

Why did civilization develop in the Fertile Crescent?

A

Rivers there created very rich farmland

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2
Q

What happened because the cities in Sumer were separated by long stretches of desert land?

A

They developed into separate city-states

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3
Q

Why did Babylon become an important center of trade?

A

It was located between cities to the south and north

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4
Q

Why was Hammurabi’s code significant?

A
  • laws were written down

- everyone has some justice

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5
Q

What did the Phoenician Alphabet make easier to do?

A

Learn to read and write

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6
Q

What was one of the major events in the history of the Israelites?

A

The settlement of Canaan

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7
Q

What were the Israelites known for that made them unique among ancient peoples?

A

They worshiped one god

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8
Q

Why did Phoenicia become a thriving and wealthy religion?

A

Phoenicians sold valuable wood and dyed cloth to neighboring peoples

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9
Q

What were the two rivers that surrounded Mesopotamia?

A
  • Tigris River

- Euphrates River

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10
Q

What of its own did each Mesopotamian city-state have?

A

A god or goddess

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11
Q

Why was Babylon a crossroad of trade?

A

Because of its location between cities to the south and north

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12
Q

What was the first written set of laws?

A

Hammurabi’s Code

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13
Q

Where did writing first develop?

A

Mesopotamia

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14
Q

What was a important advantage of the Phoenician alphabet?

A

It was simpler than cuneiform

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15
Q

How did the Phoenicians help spread civilization throughout the Mediterranean area?

A

They controlled the supply of a valuable purple dye

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16
Q

What did the Babylonians and Israelites have in common?

A

They both lived according to a code of laws

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17
Q

What are the five books of the Torah and what do they mean?

A
  • Genesis - the beginning
  • Exodus - the exit of the Israelites from Egypt
  • Leviticus - the laws
  • Numbers - the count of people
  • Deuteronomy - the Book of Law
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18
Q

How did the word “Hebrew” come into existence?

A

The word Hebrew came into existence from the phrase “ha be ru” that is an insult and means dirty shepherd or tent dweller.

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19
Q

What does meso mean?

A

Between or middle

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20
Q

What is the land between the rivers?

A

Mesopotamia

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21
Q

What was the worlds first empire?

A

Sumer

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22
Q

What does Sargon mean?

A

True King

23
Q

Who created the worlds first empire?

A

Sargon the Great

24
Q

What are tributes?

A

Taxes

25
Q

What is a building with the temple at the top?

A

Ziggurat

26
Q

What does ism mean?

A

The belief on something

27
Q

Who ruled Assyria?

A

King Sargon II

28
Q

Was the Babylonian Empire before or after the Assyrian Empire?

A

Before

29
Q

What did Babylonia and Assyria have in common?

A
  • vicious in conquering land

- culture and learning were high in value

30
Q

What are some characteristics about Hammurabi’s rule?

A
  • steady rule
  • system of roadways
    • travel easier
    • improve communication
    • encourage trade
31
Q

What things made Babylon rich?

A
  • trade

- conquest

32
Q

From what library do we know so much about the early life?

A

Niniva’s Library

33
Q

Who were the new Babylonians?

A

Chaldeans

34
Q

Who rebuilt Babylon after its first fall?

A

Nebuchadnezzar II

35
Q

What are 8 things about New Babylon?

A
  • 15 mile long walls
  • 364’ high
  • 87’ thick
  • surrounded by moat
  • Hanging Gardens - palace (for wife) - 350’ tall
  • Euphrates ran through it
  • had wide streets
    • paved
    • 3ft squared grid style
    • trees along the streets
  • buildings 150” tall
  • had canals for irrigation
  • had merchant ships that could sail from the Euphrates to moat
  • drainage system that took sewage from the cities
  • population 1.2 million
  • great technology
  • movable bridge
  • underground tunnel
  • large moat
  • bee farmers
  • 3-4 story homes
  • sewer system
  • fresh water system
  • astronomers
36
Q

What is the writing on the wall and what do the writings mean?

A

mene - god has numbered your days
mene - god has numbered your days
tekel - you have been weighed
parsin - you kingdom will be divided

37
Q

How did Cyrus the Great conquer Babylon?

A

He dammed the river, went under the wall on the riverbank, and attacked New Babylon and took control of it.

38
Q

What was the center of the Babylonian Empire?

A

Babylon

39
Q

What two tools did scribes use?

A
  • Stylus

- Wet Clay

40
Q

What two cities were located in Phoenicia?

A
  • Sidon

- Tyre

41
Q

What two major things did Phoenicia sell?

A
  • snails (purple dye)

- cedar forests (wood)

42
Q

How many letters are in Phoenicia’s writing system?

A

22 letters

43
Q

What are two other names for Jews?

A

Hebrews, Israelites

44
Q

What were the first five books of the Jewish bible called?

A

Torah

45
Q

What was the Jewish Bible called?

A

Tenanch

46
Q

Where was Abraham from?

A

Ur

47
Q

Why couldn’t David build the Holy Temple?

A

He had blood on his hands from killing people in battle.

48
Q

Who built the Holy Temple since David couldn’t?

A

Solomon

49
Q

How many laws are in the Torah?

A

612 laws

50
Q

What does omnipresent mean?

A

Present everywhere

51
Q

What does omnipotent mean?

A

All powerful

52
Q

What does omniscient mean?

A

All knowing

53
Q

What does diaspora mean?

A

The scattering of a group of people

54
Q

What was the Diaspora?

A

The scattering of the Jewish people

Social Studies Exam (9 decks)

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