The fall of the Qing, Warlordism and chaos 1900-34 Flashcards
When did the Quin rule since and what did people see them as?
1644 and people still saw them as foreign
What was happening in 1900 to the Qing?
They were in decline and there were: internal tensions, rebellions, drought and famine , unemployment and corruption.
What did Guangxu do?
Tried to modernise China through reforms but real power layed with his mother Dowager Empress Cixi who shut it down and put son on house arrest .
What foreign interference was there in China?
In 1890 China was defeated by Japan ad forced by foreign powers to open up trade. They didn’t have the miltary technology and were forced into making concessions
. Which allowed: Foreign businesses could open in China, Ports were under foreign control and they set own foreign laws in the port areas. Also Christian missionaries had to be let in.
What was the Boxer uprising?
Boxers were a secret society of the Righteous and Harmonious fists they believed fist fighting and martial arts prtected them from bullets. They wanted to: force all foreigners out of China, destroy foreing property and attack foreingers and people who had converted to Christianity. 20th June 1900 attacked foreign distric. 21st June Qing gives support.
What were the Eight Nation alliance and there demands?
54,000 army defends foreign district defeats Boxers and Qing army thousands of Boxers were executed. Allowed to stay as rulers but very harsh demands and had to pay for all damage done £67 million.
What was the impact of Boxer Uprising?
Reforms were passed to educate girls, set up railways, abolished exam to get into Chinese Civil Service and ban of sales of opium. People didn’t like it that and loss of trust of state.
How did the revolution begin?
There was an increase in opposition and more plots to start a revolution often made by young people wanting change. Main person was Sun Yat-Sen rejected the idea that Qing could reform China and China should become a republic.He organised several rebellions all failed from lack of support.
What were the causes of the 1911 revolution?
- 1908 Empress died and there was a new emperor Puyi only 3 years old so Prince Chun made reagent until he grew up but he was very bad at his job.
-Fired best General Yuan Shikai as payback. - Dynasty looked very weack and lost control of the provinces.
Continued reforms increased tax and annoyed locals and business owners.
What were the events of the 1911 revolution?
October 1911 in Wuhan revolutionary plot discovered afeter a bomb exploded by accident. Rebels acted quickly and local troops refused orders. Declared independence from the dynasty 22 uprisings from Oct to Nov. 10,000 Manchus killed. Sun Yat-Sen invited to be president in 1912. Agreed to make Yuan Shikai president if used his influence to make Emperor abdicate.
What were the results of the 1911 revolution?
12 Feb 1912 Puyri abdicated and Sun Yat- Sen stepped down Yuna Shikai president. Political party GMD set up. Sun Yat- Sen succes big challenge to Yuna Shikai so becomes dicatator for next 10 years. SYS tries to overthrow in July 1913 but Yuan defeated the challengers. Tried to fix financial problems by taking big loans from foreing gov. v unpopular. Last attempt to gain control through declaring China to become empire again there was an army rebellion Yuan dies in 1916.
What was China under the Warlords?
Power vacuum in China and constant civil warfare the GMD had very little influence. 1917b central gov. enters WW1 in hope China would be given back parts under German control. In paris conference it would be given to Japan. May 4th 1919 3000 stidents marched in Beijing and burned down house of Chinese minister of Japan. MORE RADICAL CHANGE AND CULTURAL CHANGE.
What did the May fourth movement do?
There was an increase in support for the GMD party new 3 principles: Nationalism, Democracy and Social Welfare.
What was the CCP?
It started in 1921 by academics advised by SU to join GMD in 1922 = united front.So the SU gave support with money, military supplies and advisers.
How did the GMD change?
Reorganised to a military organisiation Whampoa military academy. Change of principles to fit Lenin’s principles better.
