The Eyes and Ears (Oct. 25)

Question 1

What is a general type of sense?

Answer 1

Have receptors throughout the body

*pain, touch, pressure, etc.

Question 2

What is a special type of sense?

Answer 2

Have receptors concentrated within specific structures

*taste, smell, vision, balance

Question 3

What are thermoreceptors?

Answer 3

Receptors for temperature

Located: dermis, skeletal, muscles, liver

Question 4

What are mechanoreceptors?

Answer 4

Sensitive to any stimuli that causes a physical distortion of the neuron’s plasma membrane

Question 5

What is myelin?

Answer 5

A lipid (fat) that coats nerve fibers
Increases speed of impulse & conduction

Question 6

What do lacrimal glands produce?

Answer 6

Tears

moistens eyes and clears foreign material

Question 7

What is the function of lacrimal pores/canals

Answer 7

Drains tears out of the eye

small holes

Question 8

What direction do the lateral/medial rectus eye muscles move the eye?

Answer 8

Side to side ←→

Question 9

What direction do the superior/inferior rectus muscles move the eye?

Answer 9

Up and down ↑↓

Question 10

What direction do the superior/inferior oblique muscles move the eye?

Answer 10

Rolls eyes ↖↗

Question 11

What 3 layers is the eye divided into?

Answer 11

Retina, choroid, sclera

Question 12

What is the sclera and what is it made up of?

Answer 12

It is the white of the eye that is made of dense connective tissue

Question 13

What is the choroid and what does it contain?

Answer 13

Contains many blood vessels (red eye in photography)

Supplies eye with oxygen/nutrients

Question 14

What is the retina and what does it contain?

Answer 14

Contains photo receptors that respond to light and any supporting cells and blood vessels

Question 15

What is the only part of the eye that can be transplanted?

Answer 15

Cornea

Question 16

What is the iris?

Answer 16

Colored part of eye

Expands & contracts

Question 17

What is the pupil?

Answer 17

Black hole in middle of iris

Question 18

What is the lens?

Answer 18

Transparent structure that refracts (bends) light towards retina

Question 19

What is the ciliary body?

Answer 19

Shape of lens that can be adjusted by a muscle

Question 20

What is Aqueous humor?

Answer 20

Watery solution found between cornea and lens

Provides nutrients to cornea

Question 21

What is Vitreous humor?

Answer 21

Gel-like solution found between the lens and the retina

Gives the eye its shape

Question 22

How is a blind spot created?

Answer 22

Created if image projects on the optic nerve itself

Question 23

What are rods responsible for?

Answer 23

Vision at low light levels

Question 24

What are cones responsible for?

Answer 24

Neurons that allow color vision in brighter light

Question 25

What are cataracts?

Answer 25

Caused by a hardening of the lens with age, causing increasingly hazy vision

Question 26

What is the difference of myopia and hyperopia?

Answer 26

Hyperopia- farsightedness (hyper=beyond) | Myopia- nearsightedness

Question 27

Where is olfaction located?

Answer 27

Roof of the nasal cavity

Question 28

What is cilia?

Answer 28

tiny hair like structures that contain sensory receptors

Question 29

Purpose of mucus?

Answer 29

Released by glands to dissolve inhaled chemicals

Question 30

What is papillae?

Answer 30

Raised projections on the tongue

Question 31

What are taste buds?

Answer 31

Nerve receptors found on sides of papillae

Question 32

What do types of taste buds detect?

Answer 32

Different nutrients

Question 33

What is the umami tastebud

Answer 33

Activated by high protein foods | e.g.: cheese, soy sauce

Question 34

Purpose of pinna?

Answer 34

Collects sound waves like a funnel | Outer ear

Question 35

What are ceruminous glands?

Answer 35

Line the canal and produce ear wax

Question 36

What does the tympanic membrane (eardrum) do?

Answer 36

Converts sound waves into mechanical vibrations, then transmitted deeper within ear

Question 37

What are ossicles?

Answer 37

3 bones in the middle ear: Mallelus, Incus, Stapes

Question 38

What is the oval window?

Answer 38

Ossicle bones convey vibrations from eardrum into the inner ear through a membrane called the oval window

Question 39

Purpose of cochlea?

Answer 39

For hearing | hearing aids resemble cochlea

Question 40

Purpose of vestibule and semicircular canals?

Answer 40

Balance

Question 41

What causes hearing loss?

Answer 41

When stereocilia are damaged; cannot regenerate

Question 42

What is tinnitus?

Answer 42

Ringing of the ears

Question 43

What is residual momentum?

Answer 43

Causes the fluid to keep spinning even if the head has stopped (creates sensation of dizziness)

Question 44

What are semicircular canals?

Answer 44

3 fluid filled tubes that help maintain balance