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HAS > The Eyes and Ears (Oct. 25) > Flashcards

The Eyes and Ears (Oct. 25) Flashcards

1
Q

What is a general type of sense?

A

Have receptors throughout the body

*pain, touch, pressure, etc.

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2
Q

What is a special type of sense?

A

Have receptors concentrated within specific structures

*taste, smell, vision, balance

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3
Q

What are thermoreceptors?

A

Receptors for temperature

Located: dermis, skeletal, muscles, liver

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4
Q

What are mechanoreceptors?

A

Sensitive to any stimuli that causes a physical distortion of the neuron’s plasma membrane

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5
Q

What is myelin?

A 
A lipid (fat) that coats nerve fibers
Increases speed of impulse & conduction
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6
Q

What do lacrimal glands produce?

A

Tears

moistens eyes and clears foreign material

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7
Q

What is the function of lacrimal pores/canals

A

Drains tears out of the eye

small holes

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8
Q

What direction do the lateral/medial rectus eye muscles move the eye?

A

Side to side ←→

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9
Q

What direction do the superior/inferior rectus muscles move the eye?

A

Up and down ↑↓

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10
Q

What direction do the superior/inferior oblique muscles move the eye?

A

Rolls eyes ↖↗

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11
Q

What 3 layers is the eye divided into?

A

Retina, choroid, sclera

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12
Q

What is the sclera and what is it made up of?

A

It is the white of the eye that is made of dense connective tissue

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13
Q

What is the choroid and what does it contain?

A

Contains many blood vessels (red eye in photography)

Supplies eye with oxygen/nutrients

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14
Q

What is the retina and what does it contain?

A

Contains photo receptors that respond to light and any supporting cells and blood vessels

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15
Q

What is the only part of the eye that can be transplanted?

A

Cornea

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16
Q

What is the iris?

A

Colored part of eye

Expands & contracts

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17
Q

What is the pupil?

A

Black hole in middle of iris

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18
Q

What is the lens?

A

Transparent structure that refracts (bends) light towards retina

19
Q

What is the ciliary body?

A

Shape of lens that can be adjusted by a muscle

20
Q

What is Aqueous humor?

A

Watery solution found between cornea and lens

Provides nutrients to cornea

21
Q

What is Vitreous humor?

A

Gel-like solution found between the lens and the retina

Gives the eye its shape

22
Q

How is a blind spot created?

A

Created if image projects on the optic nerve itself

23
Q

What are rods responsible for?

A

Vision at low light levels

24
Q

What are cones responsible for?

A

Neurons that allow color vision in brighter light

25
Q

What are cataracts?

A

Caused by a hardening of the lens with age, causing increasingly hazy vision

26
Q

What is the difference of myopia and hyperopia?

A

Hyperopia- farsightedness (hyper=beyond)

Myopia- nearsightedness

27
Q

Where is olfaction located?

A

Roof of the nasal cavity

28
Q

What is cilia?

A

tiny hair like structures that contain sensory receptors

29
Q

Purpose of mucus?

A

Released by glands to dissolve inhaled chemicals

30
Q

What is papillae?

A

Raised projections on the tongue

31
Q

What are taste buds?

A

Nerve receptors found on sides of papillae

32
Q

What do types of taste buds detect?

A

Different nutrients

33
Q

What is the umami tastebud

A

Activated by high protein foods

e.g.: cheese, soy sauce

34
Q

Purpose of pinna?

A

Collects sound waves like a funnel

Outer ear

35
Q

What are ceruminous glands?

A

Line the canal and produce ear wax

36
Q

What does the tympanic membrane (eardrum) do?

A

Converts sound waves into mechanical vibrations, then transmitted deeper within ear

37
Q

What are ossicles?

A

3 bones in the middle ear: Mallelus, Incus, Stapes

38
Q

What is the oval window?

A

Ossicle bones convey vibrations from eardrum into the inner ear through a membrane called the oval window

39
Q

Purpose of cochlea?

A

For hearing

hearing aids resemble cochlea

40
Q

Purpose of vestibule and semicircular canals?

A

Balance

41
Q

What causes hearing loss?

A

When stereocilia are damaged; cannot regenerate

42
Q

What is tinnitus?

A

Ringing of the ears

43
Q

What is residual momentum?

A

Causes the fluid to keep spinning even if the head has stopped
(creates sensation of dizziness)

44
Q

What are semicircular canals?

A

3 fluid filled tubes that help maintain balance

HAS (8 decks)

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