HAS ll Finals 4/28 Flashcards
1
Q
In the long bones of a child, the part of the bone that is actually growing is the:
A
epiphyseal disc
2
Q
The ligaments that connect bones are anchored to the:
A
periosteum
3
Q
The malleus, incus, and stapes are within the ____ bone and are concerned with _____
A
temporal bone, hearing
4
Q
The largest and strongest vertebrae are the:
A
lumbar
5
Q
The largest bones of the arm and leg:
A
humerus, femur
6
Q
Which of joint is NOT a freely movable joint
A
symphysis
7
Q
The pituitary gland is directly protected by the:
A
sphenoid bone
8
Q
Red bone marrow is found in the:
A
spongy bone in flat, irregular bones
9
Q
Red bone marrow produces these cells:
A
RBC, WBC, platelets
10
Q
Sutures are the ____ joints of the ____
A
immovable, skull
11
Q
Which bone does NOT protect an internal organ
A
phalanges
12
Q
Which bone is not part of the braincase that protects the brain?
A
mandible
13
Q
The hormones that regulate blood calcium level by regulatig calcium intake or output from bones are:
A
calcitonin and parathyroid hormone
14
Q
Vitamin necessary for efficient absorption of calcium and phosphorus by the small intestine:
A
D
15
Q
Structure not directly involved in the functioning of a synovial joint is the:
A
marrow canal
16
Q
Nutrients that become part of the bone matrix:
A
Calcium, Vitamin C
17
Q
In the embryo, the bones of the arms and legs are first made up of:
A
cartilage
18
Q
The cells that produce bone matrix and those that reabsorb bone matrix are:
A
osteoblasts/osteoclasts
19
Q
What hormone increases the reate of mitosis in growing bones?
A
growth hormone
20
Q
What bone is NOT part of the axial skeleton:
A
hip bone
21
Q
Intervertebral discs are made of:
A
cartilage
22
Q
Which is NOT an irregular bone
A
metacarpals
23
Q
An example of a ball-and-socket joint is the one between the:
A
femur and hip joint
24
Q
The fontanels of a baby’s skull are made of:
A
fibrous connective tissue
25
Good muscle tone is important to:
maintain posture and produce body heat
26
During exercise, the blood flow within a muscle is increased by:
vasodilation
27
When a muscle contracts, it:
shortens and pulls a bone
28
The more moveable attachment of a muscle to a bone is called the:
insertion
29
A nitrogenous waste product of muscle contraction is ______, which is excreted by the _____
creatine, kidneys
30
The part of the brain that coordinates voluntary movement is the:
cerebellum
31
The energy of ATP is released within muscle fibers by:
myosin
32
The contracting proteins within a muscle fiber are:
myosin and actin
33
The axon terminal of a motor neuron releases
acetylcholine
34
Synergistic muscles are those that have the same:
function
35
The most abundant source of energy in a muscle fiber is:
glycogen
36
The product of cell respiration that is considered a waste product:
carbon dioxide
37
Muscle fatigue is the result of the lack of ____ and the production of _____.
oxygen, lactic acid
38
The organ system that transports oxygen to muscles and removes carbon dioxide is the:
circulatory system
39
In response to a nerve impule, the elctrical changes on the sarcolemma are reversed, which is called:
depolarization
40
An antagonist to a muscle that flexes the arm would be a muscle that:
extends the arm
41
The neuromuscular junction refers to:
axon terminal, synapse, sarcolemma
42
Mineral released within sarcomeres to trigger contraction is:
calcium
43
Unconscious muscle sense is integrated by:
cerebellum, and we are unaware of it
44
An isometric contraction is one:
without movement
45
Acetylcholine make the sarcolemma more permeable to:
sodium ions
46
The specific part of the brain that initiates muscle contraction is the:
frontal lobe
47
Some oxygen may be stored within the muscle fibers bonded to the protein:
myoglobin
48
The inhibiting proteins within a muscle fiber are:
troponin, tropmyosin
49
Muscles are attached to bone by:
tendons
50
(T/F) The somatic nervous system controls skeletal muscle
T
51
(T/F) The autonomic nervous system regulates involuntary smooth and cardiac muscle, as well as glands
T
52
(T/F) The sympathetic division includes "fight or flight" responses
T
53
(T/F) The parasympathetic division includes "rest and digest" responses
T
54
____ are the basic units of the nervous system and they are able to communicate with other cells
neurons
55
____ recieve incoming signals from other cells
dendrites
56
_____ conduct impulses away from the cell body
axon
57
The ____ _____ contains the neuron's organelles
cell body
58
_____ is the gap between the axon of the neuron and the other cell
synapse
59
_____ is the largest region of the brain, controlling conscious thought, complex movements, and memory
frontal
60
The ____ lobe of the brain contains the auditory, taste, and olfactory areas
temporal
61
The ____ lobe of the brain contains the vision center
occipital
62
Cranial nerve that controls smell:
l Olfactory
63
Cranial nerve that controls vision:
ll Optic
64
Cranial nerve that controls taste:
Vll Fascial and lX Glossopharyngeal
65
Cranial nerve that controls hearing:
viii vestibulocochlear
66
The organ that produces erythropoietin during hypoxia is the:
kidney
67
The red bone marrow produces:
all types of blood cels
68
An abnormal blood clot that forms on a rough surface in an intact vessel is called:
thrombus
69
The oxygen carrying portein on RBCs is:
hemoglobin
70
When old RBCs are destroyed, the waste product _____ is formed and then excreted by the ____.
bilirubin, liver in bile
71
The WBCs that recognize foreign antigens and produce antibodies are:
lymphocytes
72
The function of erythropoietin is:
increase RBC production
73
The normal pH range of blood is:
7.35- 7.40
74
The cells in the hemopoietic tissues that undergo mitosis to produce all the types of blood cells are called:
stem cells
75
A band cell is an:
immature WBC
76
The outermost of the pericardial membranes is:
fibrous pericardium
77
The amount of blood pumped by a ventricle in 1 minute is called:
cardiac output
78
The nerves that transmit impulses to decrease the heart rate are the:
vagus nerves
79
The endocardium lines the chambers of the heart and:
is smooth to prevent abnormal clotting within the heart
80
The chambers of the heart that recieve blood from veins are the:
right and left atria
81
The function of the serous fluid of the pericardial membrane is to:
prevent friction as the heart beats
82
Systole
contraction
83
The centers that regulate heart rate are located in the:
medulla
84
Each normal heartbeat is initiated by the:
SA node
85
When a patient has no heart rate or "flat lines" it is called?
asystole
86
The electrical activity of the heart may be observed in an:
ECG
87
The purpose of the coronary vessels is to:
circulate blood via the heart
88
The vessel into which the left ventricle pumps blood is the:
aorta
89
The hormone ANH increases the loss of ______ in urine to decrease blood volume and blood pressure
sodium ions and water
90
A heart rate below 60 bpm is called:
bradycardia
91
The heart is located:
medial to the lungs and superior to the diaphragm
92
The veins that return blood to the right atrum are the:
superior and inferior cava veins
93
A heart rate over 100bpm is called:
tachycardia
94
A normal range of heart rate for a healthy adult is ____ beats per minute
60-90
95
Backflow of blood within veins is prevented by:
valves
96
The fetal blood bessel that carries blood from the placenta to the fetus is the:
umbilical vein
97
When blood pressure decreases, the kidneys secrete:
renin
98
In capillaries, O2 and CO2 are exchanged between the blood and tissue fluid by the process of
diffusion
99
ADH increases blood pressure because:
it increases water reabsorption by the kidney
100
In the fetus, blood flows from the right atrium to the left atrium via the:
foramen ovale
101
Venous return in the deep veins in the legs is increased by the:
respiratory pump
102
A systemic blood pressure reading always consists of two numbers called:
systolic, diastolic
103
Which is NOT part of the upper respiratory tract:
primary bronchi
104
Most oxygen is transported in the blood:
bonded to hemoglobin in RBCs
105
The nasal mucosa has all of these functions except:
increasing the oxygen content of the air
106
During swallowing the nasopharynx is covered by the:
soft palate
107
The expansibility of the lungs and chest wall is called the:
compliance
108
The respiratory centers in the brain are located in the:
medulla and pons
109
The trachea is kept open by which tissue?
cartilage
110
The part of the pharynx that is a passageway for air only is the:
nasopharyanx
111
The tissue fluid that lines the alveoli is important to:
permit diffusion of gases
112
During swallowing, the larynx is covered by the:
epiglottis
113
Irritanats in the mucosa of the larynx are removed by:
The cough reflex
114
The serous fluid between the pleural membranes keeps the membranes together and:
prevents friction
