The Eyes Flashcards
Extraocular muscles
Rectus
superior
inferior
medial
lateral
Extraocular muscles
Oblique
superior
oblique
What muscles do the cranial nerves innervate
CN VI abducens nerve = lateral
CN IV trochlear nerve = superior oblique
CN III oculomotor = everything else
What is in the outer layer of the eye
Sclera: white protective covering, focuses light on retina
Cornea: sensitive to touch, cornea light reflex
What is in the middle layer of the eye
Choroid Ciliary Iris Pupil Lens Anterior and posterior chambers
Choroid
dark pigmentation, prevents light from reflecting internally
Ciliary
controls the thickness of lens
Iris
controls amnt of light that hits retina by varying size of opening
Pupil
cn III causes constricting of pupil
Lens
bulges for near objects
flattens for far
Anterior and posterior chambers
brings nutrients to surrounding tissue
What composes the inner layer
Retina
Optic Disk
Retina
light rays are changed into nerve impulse
How do images appear on the retina
Reverse and upside down
What is pupillary light reflex
Direct light reflex
Consensual light reflex
When light is shined into one pupil, both eyes constrict at the same time
What is fixation
Reflex direction of the eye towards s/t that catches someone’s
Accommodation
Adaption of the eye to near objects
Cornea curvatures
Presbyopia
occurs with age
- cornea hardens and can’t accommodate for close things
What is it called when you see blind spots in your visual field
Scotoma
What is the confrontation test do
Tests peripheral vision
Both hold cards
What is the hirshbergs test
“Corneal reflex test” shine light and see if it’s on the same spot
What is the cover uncover test
Test parallel alignment and muscle weakness
Compare phoria vs tropia
What are the kinds
Mild only during test
Tropia permanent
Exo outward drift
Eso inward
What does lid lag indicates
Hyperthyroidism
What is the term for lid drooping
Ptsosis
What are protruding vs sunken eye balls called
Exophthalmos
Enophthalamos
What are you inspecting for in the cornea and and lens
Smoothness and clarity
What are you inspecting for in the iris and pupil
Pupillary light reflex
What does assymmetry means in the ____ test?
Muscle weakness
In the corneal light reflex test
Sclera icterus
yellowing of the sclera up to the cornea
indicates jaundice
Myopia
near sight
Hyperopia
far sightd
Floaters
debris gets trapped
Cataract
cloudy and opaque (protein clusters) lens
Fovea centralis
site where vision is most sharp
Cones
color vision
Rods
Light and dark discrimination
Glaucom
age relaed –> intraocular pressure results in loss of peripheral vision
Lacrimal system
tear production and drainage to wash the eye
20/20
20/40
20/40 vision means that the test subject sees at 20 feet what a normal person sees at 40 feet.
pinguecullae
shown on the sclera, yellow nodules from prolonged exposure to the sun, wind, and dust.
pterygium
triangular growth of the conjunctiva that grows over the cornea
