Ch 22, 23 Abd and Rectum etc Flashcards
Visceral pain
- deep, dull
- hard to localize
- abdominal organs
- caused by stretching of organs
Parietal pain
- steady, aching pain
- parietal peritoneum
- caused by inflammation
Referred
- well localized
- pain from abdominal organ to non
- nerve innervation
What is GERDS and causes
- mucosal damage due to stomach acid and pepsin going back to esophagus
1. incompetent lower esophagus sphincter
2. hiatus hernia
What is a polyps and what is a hyerplastic polyps
benign
- growth of more than 5 mm
Adenomatous
- closely associated with colorectal carcinoma adenocarcinoma
- most likely to transform to canceorus if not removed
Symptoms colorectal cancer
- thin, narrow stool
- intermittent diarrhea and constipation
- fullness, bloating
External and internal rectal sphincters function
Both - allow defecation
External - controlled under cerebral cortex, prevent defecation involuntary
Screening for colorectal cancer
Fecal occult blood test
Flexibile sigmoidscopy
Colonoscopy
When to screen for colorectal cancer
FOBT every 2 years –> positive = colonoscopy
FS = 5 years
Colonscopy = 10 years
- high risk = colonoscopy at earlier age
Age to start screening for colorectal cancer
age 50-75
Risk factors for prostate cancer
Male and age
Diet - highly sat fats
Ethnicity - african
Family history
Prevention/Screening for prostate cancer
Prostate cancer screening - not recommended
Prostate specific antigens - early cancers, cancers that need to be watched, but no intervention yet
Digital rectal exam - only small tumors in prostate are detectable
Early detection of cervical cancer
Pap test
When to get a cervical cancer screening
- every 3 years starting at 21 if sexually active
- if not by 21, delay screening
