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Spinal Final Exam > The Eye and Ear > Flashcards

The Eye and Ear Flashcards

1
Q

What muscles are present in the iris?

A

sphincter pupillae and dilator pupillae

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2
Q

What is the innervation of the sphincter pupillae?

A

oculomotor nerve, parasympathetic pathway

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3
Q

What is the innervation of the ciliaris muscle?

A

oculomotor nerve, parasympathetic pathway

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4
Q

What is the function of the rod cell?

A

provide vision in dim light conditions

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5
Q

What is the function of the cone cell?

A

provide vision in bright light conditions and mediate color vision

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6
Q

What is the most numberous photoreceptor cell?

A

rod cell

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7
Q

What forms the optic nerve?

A

axons of ganglion cells

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8
Q

What are the parts of the uveal tract of the eyeball?

A

iris, ciliary body, choroid & pupil

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9
Q

What occurs at the optic chiasma?

A

part of the optic nerve decussates

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10
Q

What is the location of the anterior chamber of the eyeball?

A

between the cornea and iris

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11
Q

What is the location of the posterior chamber of the eyeball?

A

between the iris and lens

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12
Q

What is contained in the anterior chamber of the eyeball?

A

aqueous humor

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13
Q

What is contained in the posterior chamber of the eyeball?

A

aqueous humor

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14
Q

What is the name given to the chamber behind the lens?

A

vitreous chamber

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15
Q

What fills the vitreous chamber?

A

vitreous body

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16
Q

What are the common characteristics in origin and insertion of all rectus extraocular muscles?

A

they all originate from a common annular tendon in the orbit
they all insert into the sclera in front of the coronal equator of the eyeball

17
Q

What is the common characteristic regarding the insertion of both oblique extraocular muscles?

A

both insert onto sclera on the lateral margin of the eyeball behind the coronal equator

18
Q

What is the common characteristic concerning the insertion of the superior and inferior rectus extraocular muscles?

A

they insert onto the sclera of the eyeball in front of the coronal equator and are displaced slightly medially

19
Q

What is the embryonic origin of the extraocular muscles or extrinsic muscles of the eyeball?

A

the skeletal muscle is derived from the somites hence somatic efferent (SE)

20
Q

Which nerves will innervate specific extrinsic/extraocular muscles?

A

oculomotor - superior rectus, medial rectus, inferior rectus, inferior oblique
trochlear - superior oblique
abducens/abducent - lateral rectus

21
Q

Which of the cranial nuclei of termination contain primary afferent neurons?

A

mesencephalic nucleus of the trigeminal nerve

22
Q

What is the location of synapse for preganglionic parasympathetic efferent fibers of the third cranial nerve?

A

ciliary ganglion

23
Q

What is unique about the vascular supply of the retina?

A

a single vessel supplies it

24
Q

What vessel supplies the inner tunic of the eyeball?

A

central artery of the retina

25
Q

What is the name given to the “goat’s beard” of the auricle?

A

tragus

26
Q

What is the name of the palpable posterior projection of the eminentia concha of the auricle?

A

ponticulus

27
Q

Which cranial nerve will innervate the muscles of the auricle?

A

the facial nerve

28
Q

Sensory innervation of the auricle is derived from which nerves?

A

greater auricular (ventral rami C2, C3)
lesser occipital nerve (ventral rami C2, possibly C3)
auriculotemporal nerve (mandibular division, trigeminal)
posterior auricular cutaneous nerve (facial)
auricular nerve (vagus)

29
Q

The lateral third of the external acoustic meatus is protected by ___ .

A

cartilage

30
Q

The medial part of the external acoustic meatus is protected by ____ .

A

the temporal bone

31
Q

Skin lining the external acoustic meatus contains what modified sebaceous glands?

A

ceruminous glands

32
Q

What is cerumen?

A

the product of ceruminous glands forming the bulk of ear wax

33
Q

What are the characteristics of the parotid gland?

A

it is lobulated, yellowish, encapsulated and an exocrine gland

34
Q

What vein is formed within the parotid gland?

A

the retromandibular vein

35
Q

Within the parotid gland what does the facial nerve form?

A

the facial nerve plexus

36
Q

What are the braches of the facial nerve plexus?

A

temporal, zygomatic, buccal, marginal mandibular, and cervical branches

37
Q

What branch of the facial nerve penetrates the parotid gland, but is not given off within it?

A

the chorda tympani nerve

Spinal Final Exam (10 decks)

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