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Spinal Final Exam > IVD-Functions/Ligaments > Flashcards

IVD-Functions/Ligaments Flashcards

1
Q

How does the intervertebral disc attach to the vertebral body?

A

Sharpey’s fibers from the outer lamellae of the annulus fibrosus are firmly embedded into the epiphyseal rims of the adjacent vertebral bodies

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2
Q

What are the divisions of the embryonic somite?

A

the sclerotome, myotome, and dermatome

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3
Q

What structure is formed following migration of sclerotomes to surround the notochord?

A

the intrasclerotomal fissure or fissure of von Ebner

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4
Q

What does the intrasclerotomal fissure or fissure of von Ebner become?

A

the perichordal disc

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5
Q

What will the dense sclerotomite become?

A

the upper part of the vertebral segment forming below

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6
Q

What structure forms following migration and subsequent mixing of the sclerotomites?

A

the vertebral blastema

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7
Q

What part of the interertebral disc will the notochord form?

A

the nucleus pulposus

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8
Q

What part of the intervertebral disc will the perichordal disc form?

A

the annulus fibrosus

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9
Q

What is the earliest indicator of the position of the adult intervertebral disc?

A

the intrasclerotomal fissure or fissure of von Ebner

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10
Q

What vertebral levels will the anterior longitudinal ligament attach to?

A

those between occiput and S3 inclusive are traditionally indicated

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11
Q

What is the lowest extent of the anterior longitudinal ligament based on recent studies?

A

L3

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12
Q

What is believed to form the anterior longitudinal ligament in the lumbar spine?

A

the tendon of the crura of the diaphragm

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13
Q

What innervates the anterior longitudinal ligament?

A

the anterior neural plexus formed by fibers from the ventral primary ramus and sympathetic postganglionic fibers from the paravertebral ganglia

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14
Q

What is the function of the anterior longitudinal ligament?

A

it brakes or limits dorsi-flexion or hyperextension of the vertebral column

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15
Q

What was ossification of the anterior longitudinal ligament in the lumbar region identified as?

A

Forestier’s Disease

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16
Q

What is ossification of the anterior longitudinal ligament ligament in the lumbar region now identified as?

A

Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal Hyperostosis or DISH

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17
Q

Newer research suggests what regional variation in the posterior longitudinal ligament?

A

prominent in the cervicals, occasional in the thoracics, rare in the lumbars

18
Q

What is the relationship of the posterior longitudinal ligament attachment laterally?

A

it forms the anterior boundary of the spinal canal

19
Q

What is the innermost layer of the posterior longitudinal ligament called?

A

the perivertebral ligament

20
Q

What is the function of the posterior longitudinal ligament?

A

it brakes or limits flexion of the vertebral column

21
Q

Where is ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament most commonly identified?

A

the cervical spine with an 80% incidence

22
Q

What is the clinical sign of posterior longitudinal ligament ossification in the cervical spine?

A

a loss of hand and finger dexterity

23
Q

What is the clinical sign of posterior longitudinal ligament ossification in the lumbar spine?

A

faltering gait

24
Q

What is the gender, age, and ethnic bias associated with ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament?

A

it is greater in males over 50 and has a higher incidence in the Japanese

25
Q

Based on histology, what is the classification of the intervertebral disc?

A

a cartilaginous (amphiarthrosis) symphysis

26
Q

What is the name given to the ligamentum flavum based on appearance and histology?

A

it is a yellow elastic ligament

27
Q

What fibers are most ligaments made up of?

A

collagen type I fibers which are whitish in appearance

28
Q

Where is ossification of the ligamentum flavum most commonly identified?

A

the thoracic spine or thoracolumbar transition zone

29
Q

What is the relationship between the capsular ligament and mobility?

A

the more lax/loose the capsular ligament is, the greater the motion of the joint

30
Q

What regions of the vertebral column demonstrate the greatest laxity of capsular ligaments?

A

the cervical and lumbar regions

31
Q

What layers are present in the capsular ligament?

A

a superficial layer of collagen fibers and a deep layer of elastic fibers

32
Q

If the zygapophyseal capsular ligament is not significantly involved in restricting motion what is its function?

A

it is probably involved in proprioceptive feedback to the muscles stabilizing the vertebral couple during movement

33
Q

What is now thought to be a major function of the interspinous ligament?

A

it is more likely a proprioceptive transducer for the spinal reflex

34
Q

What is the name given to the superficial layer of the ligamentum nuchae?

A

the funicular layer or part

35
Q

What is the name given to the deep layer of the ligamentum nuchae?

A

the lamellar layer or part

36
Q

What are the attachment sites for the superficial layer of the ligamentum nuchae?

A

the external occipital protuberance, external occipital crest, and spinous tubercle of C7

37
Q

What is the histological make-up of the human ligamentum nuchae?

A

it is a yellow elastic ligamentum, but has more collagen fibers than in quadrupeds

38
Q

What is the classic function of the human ligamentum nuchae?

A

it brakes or limits flexion of the cervical spine

39
Q

What is the termination level inferiorly for the supraspinous ligament according to current literature?

A

primarily at L4 (73%); between L4 and L5 (5%)

40
Q

What is now thought to be a major function of the supraspinous ligament?

A

it is a proprioceptive transducer for the spinal reflex

Spinal Final Exam (10 decks)

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