The Eye

Question 1

Describe the pupil

Answer 1

Where light enters the eye to get to the retina at the back

Question 2

What is the function of the iris?

Answer 2

Is a diaphragm that regulated the size of the pupil to regulate the amount of light that goes into the eye

Question 3

What is the lacrimal caruncle?

Answer 3

The small, pink, globular tissue found at the inner corner of the eye. It is made of skin covering sebaceous and sweat glands

Question 4

What is the other name for tear ducts?

Answer 4

Lacrimal punctrum

Question 5

What is the function of eyelashes?

Answer 5

-Help stop the eyelids from sticking together
-Help stop foreign particles from entering the eye

Question 6

What is a stye?

Answer 6

Infection of the hair follicles that the eyelashes arise from

Question 7

What is a clinical sign of thyroid problems (especially hyperthyroidism) with reference to the eye?

Answer 7

Normally can’t see the top of the iris. If can see white all around the iris then is a sign of thyroid problem as patient is likely to have excess fat around the orbit causing the eye to be pushed forwards.

Question 8

What are Meibomian glands and what do they do?

Answer 8

Glands found further bac on eyelid that produce an oily secretion.
This secretion stops the tears spilling onto the face

Question 9

Why do we have tears?

Answer 9

To keep the eye moist

Question 10

Meibomian glands can sometimes become blocked. What is the term used to describe this and what is a clinical sign?

Answer 10

Meibomian cyst

Clinical sign = localised thickening of the eyelid

Question 11

Where is the lacrimal gland found? Describe it.

Answer 11

Lateral and high up

It is a small, flat gland with lots of little ducts

Question 12

What is the conjunctival sac?

Answer 12

space between eyelids and front of eyes (tears from lacrimal gland drain into here)

Question 13

Infection of conjunctiva is what?

Answer 13

Conjunctivitis

Question 14

The roof of the orbit is made from what bone mainly?

Answer 14

Frontal bone

Question 15

If someone has had facial trauma and injury to medial parts of eye, what might have happened?

Answer 15

Might have trauma to the lacrimal cuniculi (which drain the tears away) which may cause a fistula where tears escape in the long run

Question 16

What are the muscles of the eye that can be seen from a dissection from above?

Answer 16

-Superior oblique muscle
-Superior rectus
-Levator palpebrae superioris
-Lateral rectus muscle

Question 17

What is the function and nerve supply of the superior oblique muscle?

Answer 17

-Abducts, depresses and internally rotates eyeball
-Nerve supply = trochlear nerve (CNIV)

Question 18

What is the function and nerve supply of the lateral rectus muscle?

Answer 18

Function = abduction of the eyeball (away from midline)

Nerve supply = abducens

Question 19

What is the function and nerve supply of the superior rectus muscle?

Answer 19

function- elevation and adduction (inward, rotational movement)

Nerve = oculomotor

Question 20

What is the function and nerve supply of the levator palpebrae superioris muscle?

Answer 20

Elevation of the upper eyelid

Nerve - oculomotor nerve

Question 21

What are the special sweat glands in the eye called?

Answer 21

Glands of moll

(have ducts that become blocked - looks like watery cysts)

Question 22

The upper eyelid gives lymph to where?

Answer 22

Parotid lymph nodes

Question 23

If you have a droopy eyelid, what nerve is responsible?

Answer 23

Oculomotor (innervated levator palpebrae superioris which elevates upper eyelid)

Question 24

What is the function and nerve supply of the medial rectus?

Answer 24

function = adduction (movement inwards to midline)
nerve supply = oculomotor

Question 25

If a patient can’t turn eye inwards, what nerve and muscles have been affected?

Answer 25

Oculomotor

and medial rectus muscles involved in adduction (moving eye inwards) and supplied by oculomotor nerve)

Question 26

What is horners syndrome and clinical symptoms?

Answer 26

Horner’s syndrome = damage to the cervical sympathetic trunk (no sympathetic supply to affected region)

Clinical symptoms = Drooping eyelid and constricted pupil when compared to opposite side. Lack of sweating