The Extraordinary Properties of Water - Notes Flashcards
What atoms make up a water molecule?
1 Hydrogen & 2 Oxygen
Because the oxygen attracts more electrons, the oxygen side acts ______ and the hydrogen side acts _________.
Negative, positive
The unequal sharing of electrons makes water ______.
Polar
True or false?
Water is neutral.
True
Formed between a highly electronegative atom of a polar molecule and a hydrogen
Hydrogen bonds
One hydrogen bond is _____, but many are _____.
Weak, strong
Describe the hydrogen bond between water molecules.
An atom of oxygen bonds with an atom of hydrogen from another molecule.
At what temperature does water boil at sea level?
100°C
At what temperature does water freeze at sea level?
0°C
The boiling temperature of water ______ at higher elevation.
Decreases
Attraction between particles of the same substance
Cohesion
Water’s high surface tension results from its ______.
Cohesion
A film on the water that allows insects to walk on its surface
Surface tension
Attraction between two different substances
Adhesion
Can water make hydrogen bonds with other substances? If so, give some examples.
Yes. Glass, soil, plant tissue, & cotton
Water molecules “towing each other along” when in a thin glass tube is called _______.
Capillary action
The amount of heat needed to raise or lower 1g of a substance 1°C
Specific heat
Does water resist temperature change?
Yes
True or false?
Water can absorb or release large amounts of heat energy with little change in actual temperature.
True
Amount of energy to convert 1g of a substance from liquid to gas
Heat of vaporization
In order for water to evaporate, hydrogen bonds _______
Must be broken
When water evaporates, does it remove a lot of heat with it?
Yes
How does the water vapor in the atmosphere help to keep the earth warm?
It collects the heat energy radiated from the sun-warmed surface of the Earth
Ice is (More/Less) dense as a solid than as a liquid.
Less
Contrast the molecular structures of ice and water.
Water has hydrogen bonds that are constantly being broken and reformed. Ice forms a crystal-like lattice in which molecules stay at a fixed distance.
True or false?
Water is usually part of a mixture.
True
Substance being dissolved
Solute
Substance doing the dissolving
Solvent
Is water important for homeostasis?
Yes, very.
