Chapter 2 Vocabulary

Question 1

The basic unit of matter

Answer 1

Atom

Question 2

The center of an atom

Answer 2

Nucleus

Question 3

A negatively charged subatomic particle

Answer 3

Electron

Question 4

A pure substance that consists entirely of one type of atom

Answer 4

Element

Question 5

Atoms of the same element with different amounts of neutrons

Answer 5

Isotopes

Question 6

A substance formed by the chemical combination of two or more elements in definite proportions

Answer 6

Compound

Question 7

What holds chemical compounds together

Answer 7

Chemical bonds

Question 8

Formed when a metal bonds with a nonmetal

Answer 8

Ionic bond

Question 9

Positively and negatively charged atoms

Answer 9

Ions

Question 10

Forms when electrons are shared between atoms

Answer 10

Covalent bond

Question 11

The smallest unit of most compounds

Answer 11

Molecule

Question 12

Intermolecular attraction between oppositely charged regions of nearby molecules

Answer 12

Van der Waals forces

Question 13

An attraction between molecules of the same substance

Answer 13

Cohesion

Question 14

An attraction between molecules of different substances

Answer 14

Adhesion

Question 15

A material composed of two or more elements or compounds physically combined

Answer 15

Mixture

Question 16

A homogeneous mixture where all particles of the solute are dissolved in the solvent

Answer 16

Solution

Question 17

The substance being dissolved

Answer 17

Solute

Question 18

The substance doing the dissolving

Answer 18

Solvent

Question 19

A heterogeneous mixture that will settle over time

Answer 19

Suspension

Question 20

The scale used to determine the concentration of H+ ions in a solution

Answer 20

pH scale

Question 21

A compound that forms H+ ions in solution

Answer 21

Acid

Question 22

A compound that produces OH- ions in solution

Answer 22

Base

Question 23

Weak acids or bases that can react with strong acids and bases to prevent sharp, sudden changes in pH

Answer 23

Buffers

Question 24

Small compounds

Answer 24

Monomers

Question 25

Small compounds joined together

Answer 25

Polymer

Question 26

A compound made of C, H, & O atoms, usually in a ratio of 1:2:1

Answer 26

Carbohydrate

Question 27

A single sugar molecule

Answer 27

Monosaccharide

Question 28

Large molecules formed from monosaccharides

Answer 28

Polysaccharides

Question 29

Poly- means

Answer 29

Many

Question 30

A large and varied group of biological molecules. Made mostly from carbon and hydrogen atoms

Answer 30

Lipids

Question 31

Macromolecules containing H, O, N, C, & P

Answer 31

Nucleic acids

Question 32

Consist of three parts: a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base

Answer 32

Nucleotides

Question 33

Nucleic acid containing ribose

Answer 33

Ribonucleic acid (RNA)

Question 34

Nucleic acid containing deoxyribose

Answer 34

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

Question 35

Macromolecules that contain N as well as C, H, & O

Answer 35

Proteins

Question 36

Compounds with an amino group on one end and a carboxyl group on the other end

Answer 36

Amino acids

Question 37

A process that changes one set of chemicals into another set of chemicals

Answer 37

Chemical reaction

Question 38

The elements or compounds that enter a chemical reaction

Answer 38

Reactants

Question 39

The elements or compounds produced by a chemical reaction

Answer 39

Products

Question 40

The energy needed to get a reaction started

Answer 40

Activation energy

Question 41

A substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction

Answer 41

Catalyst

Question 42

Proteins that act as biological catalysts

Answer 42

Enzymes

Question 43

The reactants of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction

Answer 43

Substrates