The Establishment of the Nazi Dictatorship Flashcards
What was the Munich Putsch?
Hitler tried to seize power in Munich and then dot march on Berlin. He seized the Bavarian state governor. It was defeated by police, 16 nazis and three police were killed; Hitler was arrested and sentenced to imprisonment for five years, but was released after just 9 months.
What did Franz Von Papen want to establish?
He wanted to create a more authoritarian state.
What was the ‘Backstairs intrigue’?
It was how Hitler came to power. He and Von Papen began having secret meetings and with Von Schleicher unable to gain a majority, Hitlers position was strengthened. Hindenburg lost confidence in Von Schleicher. Hindenburg thought that the Nazis were in decline and therefore easy to control. Hitler continued to demand the role of Chancellorship and on 30th of Jan 1933, Hitler was appointed chancellor.
What was the legal revolution?
It was the methods Hitler used to create his dictatorship.
When and what was the Reichstag fire?
27th February 1933, the Reichstag building was burnt down and the communists were blamed for it, which the Nazi’s used to their advantage to remove their opposition
When and what was the Decree for the protection of the people?
As a result of the fire, Hitler was granted emergency powers. Political and civil liberties were suspended and many anti-Nazis were arrested.
What happened in the elections of 5th March 1933?
Hitler called fresh elections in hopes of winning an overall majority. The Nazi vote increased to 43.9 percent. However nationalist support was still needed.
When and what was the Enabling Act?
Many members of the Reichstag were absent and others intimidated, therefore on the 23rd March 1933, the Reichstag voted for the Enabling Act. Parliamentary procedure and legislation came to an end. Full power was transferred to the chancellor and the government , a dictatorship based on legality was created.
What happened on 14th July 1933?
The Nazi party became the only legal party. Hitler used his powers to ban other political parties. Germany became a one-party state.
What was Gleichshaltung?
It was the Nazification of society, ensuring co-operation with the regime. It was put into practice at a local (‘revolution below’ by the SA) and at a national level (‘revolution from above’ from Berlin).
What was the aim of Gleichshaltung?
The idea was to merge German society with the Nazi Party institutions and associations, with the aim of following Nazis to control cultural, social and educational activity.
How were the Regional states ‘co-ordinated’?
The regions had a very strong tradition in German history and this emphasised Nazi desires to create a unified country. In January 1934, regional state parliaments were abolished and Reich governors replaced them. Federal governments were subordinated to the Ministry of the Interior in Berlin Government.
How were the Political parties ‘co-ordinated’?
Communists were banned after the Reichstag fire, the social Democratic Party party was banned and its assets seized, most parties willingly dissolved themselves (nationalists and catholic centre party). The law against the ‘Establishment of Parties’ made the Nazi party the only party in Germany.
How were the Trade Unionists ‘co-ordinated’?
In 1920 they showed that they had a strong industrial muscle following the Kapp Putsch. German organised labour was hostile to Nazism and posed a threat to their stability. 2nd May, Union premises were occupied by the SS and SA, their funds were seized and leaders were sent to concentration camps. Independent unions were banned and replaced by the German Labour Front (DAF).
Was Gleichshaltung a success?
In some areas the Nazis did have control. However they didn’t control the Church, the army or big businesses and only had partial control of the civil service and education.
