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History > Charles 1 > Flashcards

Charles 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

In what year did Charles become king?

A

1625

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2
Q

How long was the personal rule?

A

11 years

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3
Q

What did Charles rule without during the personal rule?

A

Parliament

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4
Q

What were the 3 main problems Charles faced in 1625?

A
  1. devotion to Buckingham
  2. the direction of the war with Spain
  3. his marriage to Henrietta Maria
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5
Q

Name 3 of Charles’s aims in 1625

A
  1. to make war with Spain
  2. to keep Buckingham as his chief advisor
  3. rule as a monarch only answerable to god
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6
Q

Name 3 reasons the personal rule was unpopular

A
  1. ship money
  2. thomas Wentworth-policy of thorough
  3. prayer book
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7
Q

Why did the personal rule end?

A

Events in Scotland meant Charles needed money for the bishops wars

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8
Q

Why was Spain a cause of discontent under Charles?

A

War and the failures of Buckingham

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9
Q

Why was Buckingham a cause of discontent under Charles?

A

Failures in terms of war and expeditions

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10
Q

Why was religion a cause of discontent under Charles?

A

Imposition of Catholic depotism in England and Henrietta Maria

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11
Q

Why was money a cause of discontent under Charles?

A

Taxation without consent , forced loans

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12
Q

Why was prerogative a cause of discontent under Charles?

A

Fears of absolutism , Charles imprisonments

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13
Q

What was the petition of right and what did it entail?

A

A petition posed to Charles by parliament limiting his actions
Prevented forced loans and imprisonments as a result of refusing forced loans

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14
Q

What was the commons remonstrance?

A

A document presented to Charles during the third parliament in 1628

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15
Q

What was the ship money tax?

A

Charles used the excuse of a national emergency to collect ship money as a forced loan
Since it was an emergency tax it avoided the prohibitions of the petition of right

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16
Q

Who were Weston and juxton?

A

Charles’ treasurers

17
Q

What were the ways Weston and juxton were able to raise finances?

A 
Distraint of knighthood
Changes to forest law 
Wardship
Increase in trade 
Monopolies and grants 
Ship money
18
Q

What was distraint of knighthood?

A

Every man with an income of £40 a year was meant to be knighted at the coronation.
Eligible men who had not been knighted were fined , and they were not allowed to choose to be knighted instead

19
Q

What were the changes to forest law?

A

The grounds of the royal forests were declared to be those set by Henry II 450 years earlier , meaning those within the boundaries could be fined

20
Q

What was wardship?

A

Exploiting estates held by children

21
Q

What were other means of cutting expenditure during the personal rule besides fiscal feudalism?

A

Increase in trade
Monopolies and grants
Ship money

22
Q

What were Charles’ aims?

A
  1. To rule as a king who believed he was only answerable to God
  2. To bring about church reforms
  3. To support the power of bishops
  4. To restore his sister and her husband to the palatinate
  5. To make war on Spain
  6. To keep the Duke of Buckingham as his chief advisor
  7. To marry Henrietta Maria of France
23
Q

Who was William Laud

A

He fought for the Arminian cause against George Abbot. He supported Buckingham. He was Bishop if London and then Archbishop of Canterbury.

24
Q

What were Laud’s main policies?

A
  1. To create more respect for the House of God in the parishes by changing the decor and arrangement of the church.
  2. To ensure all the clergy followed the same rules by saying the Prayer Book should be the only form of service.
  3. To stop Puritan ideas from being spread by pushing the outspoken puritans (Prynne, Bastwick, Burton)
  4. To get more respect and power for the clergy by ensuring that they were well educated.
25
Q

Who were the Arminians?

A

Arminians thought that free will could contribute to salvation through good deeds so that the fate of the soul was not determined long before a person was born.

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