The Enlightenment Flashcards
Thomas Hobbes
People are selfish and gov must keep order
Social contract
Absolute monarchy
Leviathan
John Locke
Though selfish, people have right to life, liberty, property, and right to remove gov if the gov takes away any of these rights
Gov must protect these rights and power comes from consent of the people
Voltaire
Wrote many books, used satire
Believed in freedom of speech and religion
“ I do not agree with a word you say but will defend to the death your right to say it”
Montesquieu
Britain is the best politically balanced gov
Check and balances
Separation of powers btw branches of gov
Jean Jacque Rousseau
Believed in individual freedom
Man is born free and good but easily corrupted
Good gov is direct democracy
Democracy
“People rule”
Cesare Beccaria
Law is to preserve order, not avenge crime
Accused have right to speedy trial
No torture
No death penalty
Degree of punishment should match severity of crime
Mary Wollestonecraft
Believed in women should be equal educated as men and work in men dominated professions
Wrote “A Vindication of the Rights of Women”
Mary Shelley
Daughter of Wollestonecraft
Married to poet Percy Shelley
Wrote Frankenstein
The Enlightenment
“Age of reason”
1600-1800
Diderot’s encyclopedia
“Circle of knowledge”
1751
Many articles from scholars - spread knowledge quickly
Censored by church
Prometheus
Forethought
Fire
Knowledge
