Muslim Empires and History

Question 1

Abraham

Answer 1

Father of many nations

Hebrew

Question 2

Sarai

Answer 2

Princess

Question 3

Sarah

Answer 3

Queen

Question 4

Isaac

Answer 4

“Laughter”

Question 5

Ishmael

Answer 5

“God listens”

1st of Hagar and Abraham

Question 6

All Muslim Empires

Answer 6

Emerged btw 1300-1600

All decline by 1700

Question 7

Haj

Answer 7

5th pillar of faith
Pilgrimage to Mecca- cube
Go to get water

Question 8

Ottoman Empire

Answer 8

Lasted 600 yrs
Successful bc of military advancement
Successors expanded land thru land buying and alliances

Question 9

Turkish Warriors

Answer 9

Lived in Anatolia, on edge of Byzantine

Ghazis

Question 10

Ghazi

Answer 10

Warriors that fight for Islam

Question 11

Osman

Othman(in Europe)

Answer 11

1300-1326
Successful ghazi
Builds state in Anatolia (turkey)

Question 12

Mohammed

Answer 12

Angel came to him in a cave near Mecca

In Medina, revelation to pray toward the Kaaba to respect Abraham

Question 13

Muslims

Answer 13

“Those who surrender to God”

Wrote Qur’an

Question 14

Islam

Answer 14

Religion of Muslims

Question 15

Kaaba

Answer 15

“The cube”
In Mecca
Built by Abraham
Hajj

Question 16

Sultan

Answer 16

Overlord

Question 17

Orkhan

Answer 17

Sultan
Son of Osman
1361 Turks conquered Adrianople

Question 18

Timur the Lame

Answer 18

Rises to power in Central Asia
Defeats ottomans in 1402 burning Baghdad
Destroys Delhi in 1398

Question 19

Murad II

Answer 19

Begins expansion

Question 20

Mehmed II

Answer 20

Murad’s son
Conquers Constantinople on May 29, 1453
Opens city to Jews, Christians, and Muslims

Question 21

Selim the Grim

Answer 21

Mehmed's grandson
Comes to power 1512
Defeats Persian Safavids and pushes into North 
Africa
Conquers Mecca, Medina, and Cairo

Question 22

Suleyman the Lawgiver

Answer 22

1520-1566
Conquers Belgrade, Rhode, eastern Med, North African coast, Vienna
Creates law code, reduces beauracracy, and simplifies taxation
Broad interests-arts flourished
Killed one son and exiled other

Question 23

Devshirme

Answer 23

Draft boys from conquered land

Question 24

Janissaries

Answer 24

Loyal soldiers to the sultan

Question 25

Sinan

Answer 25

Architect | Designs Mosque of Suleyman

Question 26

Fall of Ottoman Empire

Answer 26

Third son rules weakly Later sultans kill brothers and leave their sons uneducated Long line of weak sultans

Question 27

Mughal Empire

Answer 27

Persians, Indians, and Turks in one empire

Question 28

Mongols

Answer 28

Invade northwest India | Conflict btw Hindus and Muslims for 300 yrs

Question 29

Delhi Sultanate

Answer 29

Loose empire of Turkish warlords Sultans rule btw 13th-16th century

Question 30

Babur

Answer 30

King of small land in Central Asia at 11 Dethroned and driven into India Avenged family thru empire Conquered most of northern India, forming the Mughal empire

Question 31

Humayun

Answer 31

Son Loses most of Babur's territory

Question 32

Abram

Answer 32

Exalted father

Question 33

Akbar

Answer 33

"Greatest one" 1556-1605 Liberal ruler Military conqueror

Question 34

Akbar's achievements

Answer 34

Used cannons and elephants Freedom of religion, abolishes tax on Muslims Allows all people to serve in high positions Hindu minister develops good tax plan Gave land to officials and reclaimed when they died

Question 35

Shah Jahan

Answer 35

Jahangir's son and successor Assassinates all competitors for the throne Marries Persian princesses Had three wives

Question 36

Mumtaz Mahal

Answer 36

Persian princess married to shah jajan Gave him good advice Died giving birth to 14th child in 1631

Question 37

Taj Mahal

Answer 37

Tomb built by shah Jahan for mumtaz mahal One of the wonders of the world Very high taxes to build-people suffered

Question 38

Aurangzeb

Answer 38

Shah Jahans third son Imprisons father and takes over 1658-1707

Question 39

Aurangzeb's achievements

Answer 39

Expands empire to largest Strict Islamic law to remove Hindus Hindus rebel, Sikhs become militant Oppressive taxes on Hindus cause rebellion

Question 40

Decline of Mughal Empire

Answer 40

2 million die during war under Aurangzeb Empire splits into states European traders take over key ports