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Medical Terminology Words > The Endocrine System > Flashcards

The Endocrine System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Adrenal Cortex

A

a body situated near the adrenal gland (the cortex controls how well the body responds to stress)

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2
Q

Acromegaly

A

a condition where the pituitary gland produces an excess amount of growth hormone

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3
Q

ACTH

A

adrenocorticotropic hormone (a compound that is released by the anterior pituitary gland and may respond to various physical stressed in the body)

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4
Q

ADH

A

antidiuretic hormone (a hormone needed to maintain blood pressure and water content)

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5
Q

Adrenalectomy

A

the removal of an adrenal gland through surgery

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6
Q

Adrenalitis

A

inflammation in the adrenal gland

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7
Q

Albuminuria

A

albumin located in the urine

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8
Q

Aldosterone

A

a hormone produced by the adrenal cortex to allow the kidneys to control electrolyte levels and water balance

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9
Q

Aldosteronism

A

when the adrenal glands produce more aldosterone than necessary

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10
Q

Allopurinol

A

a compound that reduces the production of uric acid by controlling the development of xanthine oxidase

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11
Q

Antidiabetic

A

a drug that reduces the effects of diabetes mellitus

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12
Q

Antidiuretic Hormone

A

a hormone that is produced in the hypothalamus and then enters the pituitary gland (the hormone controls how much water is removed in the body’s urine)

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13
Q

AODM

A

adult-onset diabetes mellitus (the condition develops as an adult due to factors like weight gain or an unhealthy lifestyle in general)

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14
Q

Bacteriuria

A

the development of bacteria in the urine

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15
Q

Blood Glucose

A

a measure of glucose in the blood measured in a diabetic patient’s body (blood sugar)

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16
Q

Calcitonin

A

a hormone produced by the thyroid gland to assist in controlling calcium levels in the blood

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17
Q

Conn Syndrome

A

a concern where excess aldosterone is produced within the adrenal gland

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18
Q

Cortisol

A

a stress hormone

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19
Q

Cretinism

A

a condition that develops due to a lack of thyroid hormone (condition is congenital)

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20
Q

Diabetes Insipidus

A

a condition where the patient experiences excess urination

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21
Q

Diabetes Mellitus

A

a condition that impacts the body’s ability to handle glucose

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22
Q

Diabetic Retinopathy

A

an eye disease that impacts those who suffer from diabetes (condition causes blood vessels in the retina to be damaged)

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23
Q

DKA

A

diabetic ketoacidosis

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24
Q

Electrolyte

A

a mineral found in the blood or another fluid in the body (the compound includes a slight electrical charge)

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25
Q

Epinephrine

A

a hormone known as adrenaline (the hormone is generated in the medulla of the adrenal gland)

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26
Q

Estrogen

A

a hormone that is produced in the female body, although it may be found in the male body

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27
Q

Exophthalmos

A

a bulging eyeball

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28
Q

Fasting Blood Sugar

A

a measure of what the body’s blood sugar is like when that person has not consumed anything recently

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29
Q

Follicle-Stimulating Hormone

A

a hormone from the pituitary gland that will control how reproductive functions develop in the body

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30
Q

Growth Hormone

A

also known as somatotropin– a peptide hormone that triggers the production of cells in the body

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31
Q

Gigantism

A

a condition where a child experiences excess growth hormone

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32
Q

Glucagon

A

a hormone produced within the pancreas to control the insulin development in the body

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33
Q

Glucose

A

a form of sugar found in the blood (glucose provides energy to the cells)

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34
Q

Glucose Tolerance Test

A

a test used to determine if a person has diabetes

35
Q

GnRH

A

gonadotropin-releasing hormone (hormone is released in the anterior pituitary gland and triggers the development of a follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone

36
Q

Goiter

A

a swelling that develops around the front of the neck

37
Q

Graves Disease

A

an immune disorder that prevents the thyroid gland from functioning

38
Q

Gynecomastia

A

the swelling of breast tissue in the male body caused by a hormone imbalance

39
Q

HCG

A

human chorionic gonadotropin (a hormone that is developed in the placenta after it is implanted in the body during pregnancy)

40
Q

HGF

A

hepatocyte growth factor (human growth factor) (this compound influences how the body grows)

41
Q

Hypercalcemia

A

a condition where the blood has an excess amount of calcium

42
Q

Hyperglycemia

A

when the body has an excess amount of glucose and results in high blood sugar concentration

43
Q

Hyperinsulinism

A

when the blood has a high amount of insulin

44
Q

Hyperpituitarism

A

when the pituitary gland produces excess amount of hormoone

45
Q

Hyperthyroidism

A

a condition where the thyroid gland produces an excess amount of hormones

46
Q

Hyperthyroxinemia

A

an elevated amount of thyroxine in the blood

47
Q

Hypoglycemia

A

when the body has low blood sugar/ glucose levels

48
Q

Impaired Glucose Tolerance

A

prediabetics/ a condition that occurs when a person has high blood sugar but its not at the point where one might have diabetes

49
Q

Insulin

A

a hormone produced within the pancreas to control glucose levels

50
Q

Insulinoma

A

a cancerous growth in the pancreas to trigger hypoglycemia

51
Q

Interstitial Cell-Stimulating Hormone

A

luteinizing hormone/ a hormone produced by gonadotropic cells around the anterior pituitary gland

52
Q

Juvenile Onset Diabetes

A

a form of diabetes that develops among children (type I diabetes)

53
Q

Laparoscopy

A

a surgical procedure where a small tube is inserted into a small opening in the body

54
Q

Leptin

A

a hormone that control’s the person’s appetite, thus managing how energy is stored and used

55
Q

Luteinizing Hormone

A

a hormone produced by the pituitary gland to manage how sex hormones are produced

56
Q

Melatonin

A

a pineal gland hormone that influences a person’s natural sleeping pattern

57
Q

Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone

A

one of the various hormones produced by the hypothalamus and pituitary gland/ supports the release of melanin and melanocytes

58
Q

NIDDM

A

non insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (type II diabetes or adult)

59
Q

Norepinephrine

A

a neurotransmitter produced in the blood in response to stress

60
Q

Oxytocin

A

a hormone produced by the hypothalamus and released through the posterior pituitary gland

61
Q

Pancreatitis

A

inflammation in the pancreas

62
Q

Parathyroid Hormone

A

parathyroid hormone (PTH) produced in the parathyroid gland w/ the intention of supporting the development of healthy bone structure

63
Q

Parathyroidectomy

A

the removal of a parathyroid gland by surgery

64
Q

Pituitary Adenoma

A

a benign growth in the pituitary gland

65
Q

Pituitary Gland

A

a gland that links to the hypothalamus through the infundibulum, a small strand of tissue

66
Q

Polydipsia

A

an excessive thirst

67
Q

Polyphagia

A

excess hunger

68
Q

Prolactin

A

a pituitary hormone that enhances lactation in the female body

69
Q

Progesterone

A

a sex hormone generated by the ovaries

70
Q

Prolactinoma

A

a tumor found in the pituitary gland that leads to excess production of prolactin

71
Q

Puberty

A

the time when the body is first capable of experiencing sexual reproduction

72
Q

SIADH

A

Syndrome of Inappropriate diuretic sexually/ a condition where the body experiences an excess amount of antidiuretic hormone

73
Q

Somatotrophs

A

pituitary cells that create human growth hormone

74
Q

Steroids

A

hormones generated in the body to help treat swelling and other athletic concerns

75
Q

Thyroxine

A

also called T4/ a hormone produced by the thyroid gland

76
Q

Triiodothyronine

A

also called T3/ a thyroid hormone that influences body temperature , metabolic rate, and heart rate

77
Q

Testosterone

A

a hormone produced by the testicles in men

78
Q

Thymosin

A

a hormone produced by the thymus

79
Q

Thyroid

A

an endocrine gland that regulates metabolic functions in the body

80
Q

Thyroidectomy

A

a surgical procedure to remove the thyroid gland

81
Q

Thyroiditis

A

inflammation in the thyroid gland

82
Q

Thyroxine

A

a hormone produced by the thyroid gland that regulates how the body consumes oxygen

83
Q

TSH

A

thyroid-stimulating hormone/ hormone is produced in the pituitary gland and will stimulate the thyroid gland’s function

84
Q

Vipoma

A

an endocrine tumor that produces vasoactive intestinal peptide

Medical Terminology Words (14 decks)

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