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Medical Terminology Words > The Endocrine System > Flashcards

The Endocrine System Flashcards

(84 cards)

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1
Q

Adrenal Cortex

A

a body situated near the adrenal gland (the cortex controls how well the body responds to stress)

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2
Q

Acromegaly

A

a condition where the pituitary gland produces an excess amount of growth hormone

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3
Q

ACTH

A

adrenocorticotropic hormone (a compound that is released by the anterior pituitary gland and may respond to various physical stressed in the body)

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4
Q

ADH

A

antidiuretic hormone (a hormone needed to maintain blood pressure and water content)

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5
Q

Adrenalectomy

A

the removal of an adrenal gland through surgery

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6
Q

Adrenalitis

A

inflammation in the adrenal gland

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7
Q

Albuminuria

A

albumin located in the urine

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8
Q

Aldosterone

A

a hormone produced by the adrenal cortex to allow the kidneys to control electrolyte levels and water balance

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9
Q

Aldosteronism

A

when the adrenal glands produce more aldosterone than necessary

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10
Q

Allopurinol

A

a compound that reduces the production of uric acid by controlling the development of xanthine oxidase

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11
Q

Antidiabetic

A

a drug that reduces the effects of diabetes mellitus

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12
Q

Antidiuretic Hormone

A

a hormone that is produced in the hypothalamus and then enters the pituitary gland (the hormone controls how much water is removed in the body’s urine)

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13
Q

AODM

A

adult-onset diabetes mellitus (the condition develops as an adult due to factors like weight gain or an unhealthy lifestyle in general)

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14
Q

Bacteriuria

A

the development of bacteria in the urine

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15
Q

Blood Glucose

A

a measure of glucose in the blood measured in a diabetic patient’s body (blood sugar)

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16
Q

Calcitonin

A

a hormone produced by the thyroid gland to assist in controlling calcium levels in the blood

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17
Q

Conn Syndrome

A

a concern where excess aldosterone is produced within the adrenal gland

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18
Q

Cortisol

A

a stress hormone

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19
Q

Cretinism

A

a condition that develops due to a lack of thyroid hormone (condition is congenital)

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20
Q

Diabetes Insipidus

A

a condition where the patient experiences excess urination

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21
Q

Diabetes Mellitus

A

a condition that impacts the body’s ability to handle glucose

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22
Q

Diabetic Retinopathy

A

an eye disease that impacts those who suffer from diabetes (condition causes blood vessels in the retina to be damaged)

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23
Q

DKA

A

diabetic ketoacidosis

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24
Q

Electrolyte

A

a mineral found in the blood or another fluid in the body (the compound includes a slight electrical charge)

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25
Epinephrine
a hormone known as adrenaline (the hormone is generated in the medulla of the adrenal gland)
26
Estrogen
a hormone that is produced in the female body, although it may be found in the male body
27
Exophthalmos
a bulging eyeball
28
Fasting Blood Sugar
a measure of what the body's blood sugar is like when that person has not consumed anything recently
29
Follicle-Stimulating Hormone
a hormone from the pituitary gland that will control how reproductive functions develop in the body
30
Growth Hormone
also known as somatotropin-- a peptide hormone that triggers the production of cells in the body
31
Gigantism
a condition where a child experiences excess growth hormone
32
Glucagon
a hormone produced within the pancreas to control the insulin development in the body
33
Glucose
a form of sugar found in the blood (glucose provides energy to the cells)
34
Glucose Tolerance Test
a test used to determine if a person has diabetes
35
GnRH
gonadotropin-releasing hormone (hormone is released in the anterior pituitary gland and triggers the development of a follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone
36
Goiter
a swelling that develops around the front of the neck
37
Graves Disease
an immune disorder that prevents the thyroid gland from functioning
38
Gynecomastia
the swelling of breast tissue in the male body caused by a hormone imbalance
39
HCG
human chorionic gonadotropin (a hormone that is developed in the placenta after it is implanted in the body during pregnancy)
40
HGF
hepatocyte growth factor (human growth factor) (this compound influences how the body grows)
41
Hypercalcemia
a condition where the blood has an excess amount of calcium
42
Hyperglycemia
when the body has an excess amount of glucose and results in high blood sugar concentration
43
Hyperinsulinism
when the blood has a high amount of insulin
44
Hyperpituitarism
when the pituitary gland produces excess amount of hormoone
45
Hyperthyroidism
a condition where the thyroid gland produces an excess amount of hormones
46
Hyperthyroxinemia
an elevated amount of thyroxine in the blood
47
Hypoglycemia
when the body has low blood sugar/ glucose levels
48
Impaired Glucose Tolerance
prediabetics/ a condition that occurs when a person has high blood sugar but its not at the point where one might have diabetes
49
Insulin
a hormone produced within the pancreas to control glucose levels
50
Insulinoma
a cancerous growth in the pancreas to trigger hypoglycemia
51
Interstitial Cell-Stimulating Hormone
luteinizing hormone/ a hormone produced by gonadotropic cells around the anterior pituitary gland
52
Juvenile Onset Diabetes
a form of diabetes that develops among children (type I diabetes)
53
Laparoscopy
a surgical procedure where a small tube is inserted into a small opening in the body
54
Leptin
a hormone that control's the person's appetite, thus managing how energy is stored and used
55
Luteinizing Hormone
a hormone produced by the pituitary gland to manage how sex hormones are produced
56
Melatonin
a pineal gland hormone that influences a person's natural sleeping pattern
57
Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone
one of the various hormones produced by the hypothalamus and pituitary gland/ supports the release of melanin and melanocytes
58
NIDDM
non insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (type II diabetes or adult)
59
Norepinephrine
a neurotransmitter produced in the blood in response to stress
60
Oxytocin
a hormone produced by the hypothalamus and released through the posterior pituitary gland
61
Pancreatitis
inflammation in the pancreas
62
Parathyroid Hormone
parathyroid hormone (PTH) produced in the parathyroid gland w/ the intention of supporting the development of healthy bone structure
63
Parathyroidectomy
the removal of a parathyroid gland by surgery
64
Pituitary Adenoma
a benign growth in the pituitary gland
65
Pituitary Gland
a gland that links to the hypothalamus through the infundibulum, a small strand of tissue
66
Polydipsia
an excessive thirst
67
Polyphagia
excess hunger
68
Prolactin
a pituitary hormone that enhances lactation in the female body
69
Progesterone
a sex hormone generated by the ovaries
70
Prolactinoma
a tumor found in the pituitary gland that leads to excess production of prolactin
71
Puberty
the time when the body is first capable of experiencing sexual reproduction
72
SIADH
Syndrome of Inappropriate diuretic sexually/ a condition where the body experiences an excess amount of antidiuretic hormone
73
Somatotrophs
pituitary cells that create human growth hormone
74
Steroids
hormones generated in the body to help treat swelling and other athletic concerns
75
Thyroxine
also called T4/ a hormone produced by the thyroid gland
76
Triiodothyronine
also called T3/ a thyroid hormone that influences body temperature , metabolic rate, and heart rate
77
Testosterone
a hormone produced by the testicles in men
78
Thymosin
a hormone produced by the thymus
79
Thyroid
an endocrine gland that regulates metabolic functions in the body
80
Thyroidectomy
a surgical procedure to remove the thyroid gland
81
Thyroiditis
inflammation in the thyroid gland
82
Thyroxine
a hormone produced by the thyroid gland that regulates how the body consumes oxygen
83
TSH
thyroid-stimulating hormone/ hormone is produced in the pituitary gland and will stimulate the thyroid gland's function
84
Vipoma
an endocrine tumor that produces vasoactive intestinal peptide

Medical Terminology Words (14 decks)

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