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Medical Terminology Words > Muscular System > Flashcards

Muscular System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Abduction

A

a process when a limb is moved from the midline or axis of the body

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2
Q

Achilles Tendon

A

the area near the back heel– the tendon connects the muscles in the back part of the calf to the calcaneus or heel bone

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3
Q

Actomyosin

A

a complex of actin and myosin that develops in the human muscle tissue– is a contractile material that will support the functionality of the muscle and its ability to be active

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4
Q

Adduction

A

when a limb moves towards the midline or axis of the body

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5
Q

Adductor

A

a muscle that allows a body part to move towards the axis of the body

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6
Q

Adhesion

A

scar tissues that develop in the body following a surgery

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7
Q

ADL

A

activities of daily living

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8
Q

Aerobics

A

strenuous exercise activities

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9
Q

Anconeus

A

a triangular muscle that develops under the elbow– the muscle helps support the forearm tissue

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10
Q

Antispasmodic

A

a drug that will treat smooth muscle spasms in the digestive system or urinary tract– the drug focuses on involuntary movements

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11
Q

Astasia

A

when a person is unable to stand or sit without assistance– problem may develop in the muscles, although this could be for reasons beyond physical causes

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12
Q

Ataxia

A

an inability to coordinate one’s voluntary muscle movements

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13
Q

Atonic

A

when a muscle does not attain its regular tone or strength level

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14
Q

Atrophy

A

when the muscle wastes– the muscle tissues will be smaller in size, usually due to poor nutrition, a lack of physical activity, or an autoimmune disorder

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15
Q

Baclofen

A

a drug that relaxes the muscle and decreases muscle spasms

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16
Q

Ballism

A

unusual movements of the limbs

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17
Q

Biceps

A

a muscle that extends from the shoulder joint to the elbow

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18
Q

Bradykinesia

A

slow body movement– this is when a person experiences weakness and tremors in the body and some rigidity in movement

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19
Q

Buttocks

A

one of the fleshy areas around the lower posterior part of the trunk or hip

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20
Q

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

A

a condition when a person experiences numbness and pain in the hand

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21
Q

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

A

also known as CFS– a condition when a person experiences fatigue that cannot be relieved with rest

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22
Q

Circumduction

A

a movement of a limb that extends from one joint to the next

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23
Q

Contracture

A

a condition where elastic tissues are replaced by inelastic tissues– shortening of a muscle or joint

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24
Q

Cool Down

A

the process by which the body’s heart rate, blood pressure, and body temperature drop after exercise

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25
Q

Dantrolene

A

a muscle relaxant often offered as Dantrium or Ryanodex– the condition treats stiffness and spasms including conditions that are produced by cerebral palsy, ms, and other conditions that negatively impact the muscles

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26
Q

Deltoid

A

a triangular muscle in the shoulder– the tissue’s function is to flex and extend the arms position

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27
Q

Dorsiflexion

A

the movement of the ankle joint– the movement brings the dorsal or top part of the foot towards the shin

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28
Q

DTR

A

Deep Tendon Reflex– the movement helps stretch the muscles and is used to test how well the spinal cord works

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29
Q

Dyskinesia

A

involuntary movements in the facial, trunk, and neck muscles among others

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30
Q

Dystonia

A

a disorder that involves involuntary muscle contractions– muscle movements will cause slow movements or unusual body positions

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31
Q

Dystrophy

A

a condition that results due to a part of the body not getting the necessary nutrition

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32
Q

Electromyography

A

a test to measure the electrical activities in the muscles

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33
Q

Extraocular Muscles

A

the six muscles that control the eye movement and the levator palpebrae, the muscle that controls how eyelids move up and down

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34
Q

Epicondylitis

A

tennis elbow– the condition when the forearm is injured due to excessive use or a strain

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35
Q

Epimysium

A

the fibrous connective tissue that covers a skeletal muscle

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36
Q

Ergonomics

A

designs that help reduce the stress or injuries in the body– they help keep injuries from developing as a result of muscles being overused

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37
Q

Extensor

A

a muscle that extends to another body part

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38
Q

Fascia

A

a layer of fibrous tissue– connective tissue that surrounds muscles, nerves, and blood vessels

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39
Q

Fasciitis

A

inflammation of the fascia

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40
Q

Fibromyalgia

A

the disorder produces musculoskeletal pain around the entire body

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41
Q

Flexor

A

a muscle that allows a limb to bend

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42
Q

Ganglion Cyst

A

a swelling will develop on the convening of a tendon– the cyst has an appearance like a sac of liquid

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43
Q

Heel Spur

A

a small bony outgrowth that appears on the lower end of the heel bone

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44
Q

Hemiparesis

A

paralysis or weakness on one side of the body– condition may be triggered by a stroke or tumor, or physical trauma

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45
Q

Hemiplegia

A

paralysis on on side of the body

46
Q

Hernia

A

the protrusion of tissue or another structure that may go through a bone– includes a tissue or organ that moves out from its normal position

47
Q

Hyperkinesia

A

sudden involuntary movements in the body

48
Q

Hyperkinesis

A

when a muscle in the body move too often

49
Q

Hymnic Jerk

A

a myoclonic twitch that develops when a person is asleep

50
Q

Hypotonia

A

floppy baby syndrome – the condition occurs when muscle tone is low

51
Q

Impingement Syndrome

A

swimmer’s shoulder– a tendon frequently rubs along a shoulder blade

52
Q

Intermittent Claudication

A

muscle pains produced because there is not enough blood flowing in the body

53
Q

Intramuscular

A

when something takes place inside a muscle or when a drug is administered into the muscle tissue

54
Q

Intrinsic Muscle

A

a muscle when the origin an insertion occurs in the same part or organ

55
Q

Isotonic Contraction

A

a muscle contraction that develops with a minimal change in the contraction force

56
Q

Masseter Muscle

A

a thick muscle in the cheek that close the jaw

57
Q

Muscular Dystrophy

A

(MD) an inherited disease that will cause muscle weakness and loss

58
Q

Myalgia

A

muscle pain– the pain may develop because of many issues including when a muscle or a series of muscles are stretched too far

59
Q

Myasthenia Gravis

A

an autoimmune disease triggered by the skeletal muscles becoming weak– condition may be noticed by some muscles that are impacted drooping and being hard to control

60
Q

Myocele

A

a muscle substance that protrudes through a hole in a sheath

61
Q

Myoclonus

A

the sudden movement of a muscle– a patient may develop a twitching sensation

62
Q

Myofascial Release

A

a process that restores motions in tissues that are feeling pain– process involves relaxing the muscles and using planned stretching

63
Q

Myogenic

A

a condition that develops in the muscles

64
Q

Myolysis

A

when a muscle tissue breaks down

65
Q

Myoma

A

also known as fibroids– myxomas are benign tumors that consist mainly of muscle tissues

66
Q

Myoparesis

A

weakness or paralysis in the muscle

67
Q

Myositis

A

inflammation in a muscle or the tissue involved

68
Q

Myotonia

A

a sudden muscle spasm that develops or muscular rigidify

69
Q

Myotonic

A

relating to muscle tone

70
Q

Neuromuscular

A

a type of muscular disorder– the nerves that control voluntary muscles are affected

71
Q

NMJ

A

neuromuscular junction– a synapse that develops between a motor neuron and a muscle fiber

72
Q

Nocturnal Myoclonus

A

also known as periodic limb movement disorder– the patient experiences regular limb movements while asleep

73
Q

Oblique

A

an outside muscle that supports the abdomen

74
Q

Obturator Muscle

A

the muscle that appears on the ischium and rim of the public– the muscle goes through the pelvic cavity

75
Q

Paralysis

A

when the muscle are unable to function properly

76
Q

Paraplegia

A

paralysis that involves the legs– the condition may develop due to a spinal cord injury

77
Q

Pectoral

A

a muscle on the front part of the chest

78
Q

Pectus Carinatum

A

a condition where the chest wall appears to thrust outward

79
Q

Pelvic Floor

A

muscles along the bottom of the pelvic area– these include tissues under the perineum and pelvis

80
Q

Planter Fascitis

A

inflammation develops in the plantar fascia, a tissue that secures the hell bone to the toes

81
Q

Polymyositis

A

an inflammatory condition where the muscles and the blood vessels become inflamed due to cellular damage

82
Q

Pronation

A

rotation of the foot while walking– the foot rotating inward

83
Q

Pyomyositis

A

a bacterial infection in the skeletal muscles

84
Q

Quadriceps

A

a muscle in the thigh– the muscle is named for having a four-headed surface

85
Q

Quadriplegia

A

paralysis that is the loss of all the limbs and the torso

86
Q

Rhabdomyoma

A

a neoplasm that develops in striated muscle

87
Q

Rhabdomyosarcoma

A

a malignant neoplasm that occurs in striated mucles

88
Q

RICE

A

a treatment process that may be used to relieve pains in the muscles

89
Q

Rotator Cuff

A

a series of muscles and tendons that support the shoulder

90
Q

RSI

A

repetitive stress injury– issues occurs due to the tissue being impacted

91
Q

Sarcocytosis

A

an infection in the striated muscle by a parasite– condition may trigger vomiting, diarrhea, and muscle weakness

92
Q

Sarcopenia

A

disease that develops as the body ages

93
Q

Sartorius

A

an anterior thigh muscle that is found from the pelvis to the calf

94
Q

Shin Splint

A

small tears in the muscle and bone tissue in the body

95
Q

Shivering

A

a shaking process– the body shivers when conditions are cold

96
Q

Singultus

A

a condition known as hiccupping– the diaphragm experiences a spasm

97
Q

Soleus

A

a flat muscle in the calf

98
Q

Spasm

A

an involuntary muscular contraction

99
Q

Striated Muscle

A

a skeletal muscle

100
Q

Spasmodic Torticollis

A

a chronic condition where the neck will involuntarily turn left, right, up, or down

101
Q

Sphincter

A

a small muscle at the end of the rectum and urinary tract– the muscle produces constrictions that allow wastes to pass through the body

102
Q

Sprain

A

an injury that develops when the fibers in a ligament are torn

103
Q

Tendinous

A

a condition that related to tendons

104
Q

Tendon

A

a flexible tissue of fibrous collagen that connects a muscle to a bone

105
Q

Tensor

A

a muscle that causes stretching or tension in a part of the body

106
Q

Tetany

A

a condition where muscle spasms and cramps develop

107
Q

Tibialis

A

a muscle that appears around the upper part of the tibia– this is on the lateral or outside surface of the tibia

108
Q

Tonic

A

referring to regular muscle tone

109
Q

Tremor

A

shaking that occurs without warning

110
Q

Triceps

A

a muscle with three heads– the triceps is a muscle on the back part of the upper arm that links to the forearm

Medical Terminology Words (14 decks)

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