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Kaplan MCAT Biology > The Endocrine System > Flashcards

The Endocrine System Flashcards

1
Q

Peptide hormones

A

polar, cannot pass through the plasma membrane
bind to extracellular receptors and use a second messenger
rapid and short lived

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2
Q

Steroid hormones

A

minimally polar
bind intracellularly and intranuclearly
slow, but long lived
must be carried by specific proteins

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3
Q

AA-derivative hormones

A

mix of both characteristics of peptide and steroid

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4
Q

GnRH

A

promotes the release of FSH and LH

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5
Q

GHRH

A

promotes the release of GH

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6
Q

TRH

A

promotes the release of TSH

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7
Q

CRF

A

promotes the release of ACTH

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8
Q

PIF (dopamine)

A

inhibits the release of prolactin

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9
Q

Tropic Hormones (FLAT)

A

FSH, LH, ACTH, TSH

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10
Q

Direct Hormones (PEG)

A

Prolactin, endorphins, GH

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11
Q

FSH

A

promotes the dev. of ovarian follicles in females and spermatogenesis in males

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12
Q

LH

A

promotes ovulation in females and testosterone prod. in males

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13
Q

ACTH

A

promotes synth. and release of glucocorticoids from the adrenal cortex

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14
Q

TSH

A

promotes synth. and release of T3 and T4

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15
Q

Prolactin

A

promotes milk prod.

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16
Q

Endorphins

A

decreases perception of pain and can cause euphoria

17
Q

GH

A

promotes growth of bone and shunts glucose to these tissues

18
Q

T3 & T4

A

Produced by follicular cells and contain iodine; increase basal metabolic rate

19
Q

Calcitonin

A

Produced by parafollicular cells decreases plasma Ca2+ conc. decrease Ca2+ absorption in the gut, and promotes Ca2+ storage in bone

20
Q

PTH

A

Released by parathyroid glands

  • decreases excretion of ca2+ by the kidneys and increases bone resorption to increase blood Ca2+ conc.
  • activates vit D
21
Q

Adrenal cortex produces (3)

A

Glucocorticoids (cortisol and cortisone)
Mineralocorticoids (aldosterone)
Cortical sex hormones (androgens, estrogens)

22
Q

Glucocorticoids

A

Increase blood glucose conc., reduce protein synthesis, inhibit immune sys, participate in stress response

23
Q

Mineralocorticoids

A

promotes Na+ reabsorption in the DCT & collecting duct, bringing H2O in.

24
Q

Adrenal medulla secretes

A

catecholamines

25
Q

Pancreas hormones

A

Glucagon
Insulin
Somatostatin (inhibits glucagon and insulin secretion)

26
Q

Gonads produce

A

testosterone from the testes

estrogen and progesterone from ovaries

27
Q

Pineal gland releases

A

melatonin, which regulates circadian rhythms

28
Q

stomach and intestinal cells produce

A

secretin, gastrin, and CCK

29
Q

Kidneys produce

A

erythropoietin

30
Q

Atria of the heart secretes

31
Q

Thymus secretes

A

Thymosin (for proper T-cell dev.)

Kaplan MCAT Biology (12 decks)

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