The Endocrine System Flashcards
What are the three types of endocrine disease?
Over production
Underproduction
Mass lesions
Describe what happens during negative feedback of hormones?
Stimulus - gland - hormone - blood - hormone - target cells
Which hormones are released from the posterior pituitary?
Oxytocin and ADH
Which 6 hormones are released from the anterior pituitary?
Growth hormone, lutenising hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, prolactin, adrenocortitrophic hormone, thyroid stimulating hormone.
What diseases of the pituitary can you get?
Adenomas - hyper
Injury, surgery, radiation, inflammation - hypo
Local mass effect - compression of optic chasm
What is the most common cause of hyperpituitarism?
Adenoma
What are the two types of pituitary adenomas?
Functional - secretes prolactin
Non functional - grows but no hormone
How big are macro adenomas?
> 1cm in diameter
Which five hormones can be produced by pituitary adenomas?
Prolactin, growth hormone, FSH/LH, TSH, ACTH.
What causes excess growth?
Acromelagy
When does hypopituitarism occur?
With loss of 75% or more of the anterior pituitary parenchyma.
Give four causes of hypo pituruitarism
Ischaemic necrosis of the pituitary - sheehans syndrome. (After pregnancy, bleed, hypotension.)
Non functioning adenomas
Surgery or irradiation
Inflammatory lesions
Describe the thyroid system
Hypothalamus - TRH
Anterior pituitary - TSH
Thyroid gland - T3 and T4
Negative feedback
List five causes of hyperthyroidism
Graves' disease Over treatment by thyroxine Infective - de Quervains thyroiditis Toxic multinodular goitre Toxic adenoma
How would you test for hyperthyroidism?
Thyroid function test