The endocrine system

Question 1

What does the endocrine system work along side?

Answer 1

The nervous system

Question 2

What is the nervous system?

Answer 2

A network of glands across the body that secrete chemical messages called hormones

Question 3

hormones

Answer 3

chemical messengers that are manufactured by the endocrine glands, travel through the bloodstream, and affect other tissues

Question 4

What does the endocrine system use instead of nerves?

Answer 4

The blood vessels. Different hormones produce different effects

Question 5

What is the endocrine system like in comparison to the nervous system?

Answer 5

Slower but widerspread and powerful

Question 6

Which cells do hormones affect?

Answer 6

any cells with a receptor for that particular hormone, target cell

Question 7

What is the major endocrine gland?

Answer 7

pituitary gland

Question 8

Where is the pituitary gland located?

Answer 8

base of the brain

Question 9

what does the pituitary gland control?

Answer 9

The release of hormones from all other endocrine glands in the body

Question 10

What is the hypothalamus connected to?

Answer 10

pituitary gland

Question 11

What is the hormonal gland responsible for?

Answer 11

stimulating or controlling the release of hormones from the pituitary gland

Question 12

What is the control system that regulates the endocrine system?

Answer 12

hypothalamus

Question 13

What does the thyroid release?

Answer 13

thyroxine

Question 14

what effect does thyroxine have?

Answer 14

Regulates the body’s metabolic rate and protein synthesis

Question 15

What does the adrenal medulla secrete?

Answer 15

adrenaline and noradrenaline

Question 16

What effect does adrenaline and nonadrenaline have?

Answer 16

Fight or flight response increasing heart rate and blood flow to the brain and muscles and release stored glucose and fats for use in flight or flight

Question 17

What does the adrenal cortex secrete?

Answer 17

glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids

Question 18

What are types of glucocorticoids?

Answer 18

cortisol, cortisone, corticosterone

Question 19

What do glucocorticoids do?

Answer 19

Release stored glucose and fats for energy expenditure, suppresses the immune system and the inflammatory response

Question 20

What do mineralocorticoids do?

Answer 20

Regulate water balance of the body through water and sodium reabsorption in the kidneys

Question 21

What do the testes secrete?

Answer 21

androgens (testosterone)

Question 22

What do androgens do?

Answer 22

develop the secondary sexual characteristics in males at puberty (increased muscle mass and growth)

Question 23

What do the ovaries produce?

Answer 23

Oestrogen (oestradiol)

Question 24

What does oestrogen do?

Answer 24

Regulation of female reproductive system, menstrual cycle and pregnancy

Question 25

What does the pineal gland secrete?

Answer 25

melatonin

Question 26

what does melatonin do?

Answer 26

Regulation of arousal, biological rhythms and the sleep-wake cycle

Question 27

What can the pituitary gland be divided into?

Answer 27

anterior and posterior lobe

Question 28

What are the anterior pituitary hormones?

Answer 28

Growth Hormone (GH), Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH), Prolactin (PRL), Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), Luteinising hormone (LH), Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and Melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH)

Question 29

What are the posterior pituitary hormones?

Answer 29

Vasopressin or antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and oxytocin

Question 30

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Answer 30

Stimulates adrenal cortex to secrete glucocorticoids, stress response

Question 31

TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone)

Answer 31

Stimulates thyroid gland to produce thyroxine

Question 32

Prolactin (PRL)

Answer 32

stimulates milk production by mammary glands

Question 33

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

Answer 33

Stimulates the ovaries and testes to release ovarian follicles and promotes spermatogenesis

Question 34

Growth Hormone (GH)

Answer 34

Promotion of cell growth and multiplication in the body

Question 35

melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH)

Answer 35

Stimulates the production and release of the pigment melanin in the skin and hair

Question 36

Vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone, ADH)

Answer 36

Regulates water balance of the body stimulating water reabsorption by kidney and increases blood volume

Question 37

Oxytocin

Answer 37

important in promoting uterine contractions in childbirth and lactation after birth