Nervous system

Question 1

What are the divisions of the nervous system?

Answer 1

Central Nervous System (CNS) and Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

Question 2

What makes up the central nervous system?

Answer 2

brain and spinal cord

Question 3

What hemispheres is the brain divided into?

Answer 3

left and right

Question 4

What is the brain the centre of?

Answer 4

All conscious awareness

Question 5

What does the cerebral cortex distinguish?

Answer 5

Our higher mental functions from animals

Question 6

What is the spinal cord an extension of?

Answer 6

Brain

Question 7

What is the spinal cord responsible for?

Answer 7

reflex actions

Question 8

From where does the spinal cord pass messages to?

Answer 8

From the brain and connects nerves to the PNS

Question 9

peripheral nervous system

Answer 9

PNS transmits messages via neuron’s to and from the CNS and is divided into two subsystems

Question 10

What are the two subsystems of the Peripheral nervous system?

Answer 10

SNS and ANS - somatic nervous system and autonomic nervous system

Question 11

What does the Automatic Nervous System (ANS) do?

Answer 11

Governs vital functions in the body
(breathing, heart rate, digestion, sexual arousal and stress responses)

Question 12

What does the Somatic Nervous System (SNS) do?

Answer 12

Controls muscle movement and receives information from sensory receptors

Question 13

What does the spinal cord do?

Answer 13

Relays information between brain and body allowing the brain to regulate bodily processes (digestion, breathing and voluntary movements)

Question 14

What is the spinal cord connected to?

Answer 14

Different parts of the body by pairs of spinal nerves which connect the specific muscles and glands

Question 15

What does the spinal cord contain?

Answer 15

Circuits of nerve cells that allow us to perform simple reflexes without the brain

Question 16

What can the major components of the brain be divided into (3)?

Answer 16

Hindbrain, Midbrain and forebrain

Question 17

What are the four main divisions of the brain?

Answer 17

cerebrum, diencephalon, cerebellum, brainstem

Question 18

The cerebrum

Answer 18

Largest part that can be divided into 4 lobes with different functions. Or can be split into to two halves where each is specialised for particular behaviours and communicate

Question 19

What are the 4 lobes of the cerebrum?

Answer 19

frontal, temporal, parietal, occipital

Question 20

What are the two hemispheres of the cerebrum?

Answer 20

left hemisphere; right hemisphere

Question 21

Cerebellum

Answer 21

At the back of the cerebrum and controls motor skills, balance, coordination of muscles

Question 22

Diencephalon

Answer 22

Above the brain stem, and can be divided into four main structures. Involved in many bodily functions such as coordinating the endocrine system to release hormones, relay sensory and motor signals to cerebral cortex and regulate circadian rhythms

Question 23

What are the four main structures of the diencephalon?

Answer 23

Thalamus, Hypothalamus, epithalamus and subthalamus

Question 24

Brain stem

Answer 24

regulates automatic functions such as breathing, heartbeat, and swallowing. Motor and sensory neurons travel through, allowing impulses to pass between brain and spinal cord

Question 25

somatic nervous system

Answer 25

Sensory neurons send messages via receptors to the CNS and then are relayed to the motor neurons via effectors. SNS is involved in reflex and is in the motor cortex

Question 26

What do both cranial and spinal nerves have?

Answer 26

Sensory and motor neurons

Question 27

How many pairs of cranial nerves are there?

Answer 27

12

Question 28

How many pairs of spinal nerves are there?

Answer 28

31

Question 29

automatic nervous system

Answer 29

made of two parts and they both regulate the same organs with opposite effects as the neurotransmitters associated with both. Plays a role in homeostasis

Question 30

What are the two parts of the automatic nervous system?

Answer 30

SNS and PNS - sympathetic and parasympathetic

Question 31

SNS (sympathetic nervous system)

Answer 31

Involved in responses that help us deal with emergencies (flight or fight). Neurons from sympathetic nervous system travel to every organ and gland to prepare for rapid action.

Question 32

PNS (parasympathetic nervous system)

Answer 32

Relaxes people once an emergency has passed and is involved with conserving energy and digestion

Question 33

What are the similarities between the brain stem and spinal cord?

Answer 33

Both control involuntary processes

Question 34

What are the differences between the brain and the spinal cord?

Answer 34

- Brain provides conscious awareness and allows for higher order thinking whilst spinal cord allows for reflex responses - Brain consists of multiple regions with different functions whereas the spinal cord only has one main function

Question 35

What are the similarities between the somatic-automatic nervous systems and the sympathetic-parasympathetic nervous systems?

Answer 35

They respond to external stimuli (through fight or flight and carrying information to spinal cord and brain)

Question 36

What are the differences between the somatic-automatic nervous systems and the sympathetic-parasympathetic nervous systems

Answer 36

ANS consists of two subsystems and SNS of just one