The Endocrine System

Question 1

Exocrine Glands

Answer 1

glands with ducts that allow the cells to secrete their products into those ducts

Question 2

Exocrine Gland

Answer 2

the glands that do not have a duct system and release their secretions or hormones directly into the bloodstream

Question 3

Endocrine System

Answer 3

• a group of endocrine glands that regulate body processes by secreting hormones.
• act on nearby tissues or are carried in the bloodstream to act on specific target organs

Question 4

Hypothalamus

Answer 4

a part of the brain located just below the corpus callosum and it controls the functions of the pituitary glands (hypophysis)

Question 5

Organs involved in the endocrine system

Answer 5

• hypothalamus
• pituitary
• Thyroid
• Adrenal Gland
• Pancreas
• Ovaries
• Testes

Question 6

Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)

-Hypothalamus and Posterior pituitary

Answer 6

Promote re-absorption of water (the renal tubules of the kidney)

Question 7

Growth Hormone - AP

Answer 7

Promotes growth

Question 8

Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) - AP

Answer 8

Stimulates thyroxin secretion

Question 9

Follicle stimulating hormone - AP

Answer 9

Stimulates follicle development (female ovary) and germinal epithelium (male testes)

Question 10

Luteinizing hormone - AP

Answer 10

Stimulates ovulation (female ovaries and testosterone production

Question 11

Prolactin (anterior pituitary - AP)

Answer 11

Stimulates milk production (female mammary glands)

Question 12

Thyroxine

Answer 12

Increases basal metabolic rate, breathing and heart rate

Question 13

Insulin

-Pancreas

Answer 13

Decreases blood glucose levels (liver and muscle cells)

Question 14

Glucagon

-Pancreas

Answer 14

Increases blood glucose levels (liver cells)

Question 15

Glycogen

Answer 15

converted into glucose when there is a decrease in blood glucose levels

Question 16

Adrenaline (Adrenal Glands)

Answer 16

Prepares the body for action

Question 17

Aldosterone

Answer 17

Increases re-absorption of sodium and chloride ions and facilitates potassium transport (kidneys)

Question 18

Oestrogen

Answer 18

Causes secondary sexual characteristics, development of sex organs, prepares uterus for implatation
-NB!! Inhibits secretion of FSH

Question 19

Progesterone

Answer 19

Thickens endometrium of uterus to maintain pregnancy and supresses rerlease of FSH and LH

Question 20

Testosterone

Answer 20

Allows the developments of secondary sexual characteristics, development of sex organs and maturation of sperm

Question 21

Thyroxin Levels

Answer 21

If increase in thyroxin levels: pituitary secretes less TSH

If decrease in thyroxin levels: pituitary secretes more TSH

Question 22

Diabetes Mellitus

Answer 22

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic illness. It is characterised by high levels of glucose in the blood (hyperglycaemia).

Question 23

Type 1

Answer 23

• occurs when the beta cells of the Islets of Langerhans(liver cells) are damaged and they do not produce insulin
• this is caused by the bodies immune system attatcking the beta cells

Question 24

Type 2

Answer 24

-body cells do not respond to insulin. It is caused by various factors including obesity, age and inactivity.

Question 25

Symptoms

Answer 25

-frequent urination
-weight loss
-infections
impaired vision
-wounds that are slow to heal

Question 26

Treatment

Answer 26

• insulin medication
• careful monitoring of blood sugar levels
• change in lifestyle
• maintaining a healthy body mass