The End of History and the Clash of Civilizations Flashcards
What does the “clash of civilizations predict”?
intensified conflict between different civilizational groupings across the globe
–a dystopian view
What does the “clash of civilizations” believe about the state?
- the state as we know it has only been around for a few centuries , and is bound to become less important
- therefore, the state as the unit of analysis will diminish and change, other kinds of important actors will come up
ideology and class status can change _____ and ____ cannot (CoC)
culture and race
Who wrote “the Clash of Civilizations”?
Huntington
What does Huntington correctly predict?
the lower amount of interstate conflict
What does Huntington think will become more important post cold-war?
culture and race
a civilization represents ________
“highest cultural grouping of people and the broadest level of cultural identity”
–it’s transnational
What are some objective factors of civlizations?
language, history, religion, customs, institutions
What is the subjective factor of civs?
people’s self identification
define subjective factors in the context of civ
part of identity is combination of objective factors and where you perceive yourself to fit in with the group
-group identity is more important
interactions in the modern era increase ________
animosities and differences
What is an example of friction/animosity in the modern era?
ate that go to France West vs. Islam
-migrants from Islamic states that go to France and feel divisions within states
According to Huntington, what is a key building block of civilizations?
revival of religion
“the great divisions among humankind and the dominating source of conflict will be _______”
cultural
nation-states will remain powerful but the “the principal conflicts of global politics will occur between _________”
nations and groups of different civilizations
non-western peoples and states will stop being _______ and start ______
objects of history
start shaping it
Is the Clash of Civilizations happening?
- some of the clashes Huntington predicted have come to pass, while others have not
- Middle-East and Islam
- –not united, very conflictual –Al Qaeda has mostly killed other muslims
- Western Christian civ vs. Islam post 9/11
- divisions can be more intense within “civilizations” than between them
- Africa is also not united
- –differentiated in terms of goals, conflict
What is the “Third Wave” of Democracy?
- term coined by Huntington
- began with fall of Salazar regime in Portugal
- expanding amount of democracies widely so they would outnumber non-democracies
- trend was accelerated throughout the 1980s and after the Cold War
What did Fukuyama’s “End of History” mean?
- it’s spread could usher in a global era of peace and prosperity
- -this would be perpetual, leading to end of conflicts and therefore end of history
capitalism is seen as ________
the economic representation of democratic ideals
–capitalism and democracy go hand in hand
T or F: Fukuyama believes that the basic principles of the liberal democratic state could not be improved upon
true
-we have determined the best way to live (liberal democratic nation-state”
define liberal
“man’s universal right to freedom enshrined through law”
define democratic
exists only with the consent of the governed
What does Fukuyama see as the threshold for a good society?
easy access VCRs and Stereos combined with liberal democracy
Why does Fukuyama see the access to VCRs/Stereos important?
if you can access or aspire to access in the near-future middle-class life/benefits, then why would you fight?
What does neo-liberal economics promote?
globalization and Free market
neo-liberal economics and democracy is a ______ political solution
one-size-fits-all
Neo-liberal economics believes in the ___________ to achieve a perfect balance
the efficiency of the invisible hand
For fukuyama how do states define their national interest?
based “on some kind of prior ideological basis, just as we saw that economic behavior is determined by a prior state of consciousness”
free market can give access to __—-
‘luxuries’
Fukuyama focusses on ______ ideals to bring a new era of peace
economic
Fukuyama focusses on emergence of _________
shared economic paradigm
What is Thomas Friedman’s idea?
a state has “arrived” when it has a McDonald’s
- countries with McDo’s are less likely to go to war with each other
- similar to DPT
- signifies a certain level of economic development, middle-class gets big enough for people to afford luxuries
What is the security version of the McDonald’s claim?
F-16s
when countries get the US-manufactured F-16, they will likley not go to war against each other
