The End of History and the Clash of Civilizations Flashcards

1
Q

What does the “clash of civilizations predict”?

A

intensified conflict between different civilizational groupings across the globe
–a dystopian view

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2
Q

What does the “clash of civilizations” believe about the state?

A
  • the state as we know it has only been around for a few centuries , and is bound to become less important
  • therefore, the state as the unit of analysis will diminish and change, other kinds of important actors will come up
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3
Q

ideology and class status can change _____ and ____ cannot (CoC)

A

culture and race

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4
Q

Who wrote “the Clash of Civilizations”?

A

Huntington

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5
Q

What does Huntington correctly predict?

A

the lower amount of interstate conflict

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6
Q

What does Huntington think will become more important post cold-war?

A

culture and race

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7
Q

a civilization represents ________

A

“highest cultural grouping of people and the broadest level of cultural identity”

–it’s transnational

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8
Q

What are some objective factors of civlizations?

A

language, history, religion, customs, institutions

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9
Q

What is the subjective factor of civs?

A

people’s self identification

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10
Q

define subjective factors in the context of civ

A

part of identity is combination of objective factors and where you perceive yourself to fit in with the group
-group identity is more important

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11
Q

interactions in the modern era increase ________

A

animosities and differences

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12
Q

What is an example of friction/animosity in the modern era?

A

ate that go to France West vs. Islam

-migrants from Islamic states that go to France and feel divisions within states

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13
Q

According to Huntington, what is a key building block of civilizations?

A

revival of religion

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14
Q

“the great divisions among humankind and the dominating source of conflict will be _______”

A

cultural

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15
Q

nation-states will remain powerful but the “the principal conflicts of global politics will occur between _________”

A

nations and groups of different civilizations

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16
Q

non-western peoples and states will stop being _______ and start ______

A

objects of history

start shaping it

17
Q

Is the Clash of Civilizations happening?

A
  • some of the clashes Huntington predicted have come to pass, while others have not
  • Middle-East and Islam
  • –not united, very conflictual –Al Qaeda has mostly killed other muslims
  • Western Christian civ vs. Islam post 9/11
  • divisions can be more intense within “civilizations” than between them
  • Africa is also not united
  • –differentiated in terms of goals, conflict
18
Q

What is the “Third Wave” of Democracy?

A
  • term coined by Huntington
  • began with fall of Salazar regime in Portugal
  • expanding amount of democracies widely so they would outnumber non-democracies
  • trend was accelerated throughout the 1980s and after the Cold War
19
Q

What did Fukuyama’s “End of History” mean?

A
  • it’s spread could usher in a global era of peace and prosperity
  • -this would be perpetual, leading to end of conflicts and therefore end of history
20
Q

capitalism is seen as ________

A

the economic representation of democratic ideals

–capitalism and democracy go hand in hand

21
Q

T or F: Fukuyama believes that the basic principles of the liberal democratic state could not be improved upon

A

true

-we have determined the best way to live (liberal democratic nation-state”

22
Q

define liberal

A

“man’s universal right to freedom enshrined through law”

23
Q

define democratic

A

exists only with the consent of the governed

24
Q

What does Fukuyama see as the threshold for a good society?

A

easy access VCRs and Stereos combined with liberal democracy

25
Q

Why does Fukuyama see the access to VCRs/Stereos important?

A

if you can access or aspire to access in the near-future middle-class life/benefits, then why would you fight?

26
Q

What does neo-liberal economics promote?

A

globalization and Free market

27
Q

neo-liberal economics and democracy is a ______ political solution

A

one-size-fits-all

28
Q

Neo-liberal economics believes in the ___________ to achieve a perfect balance

A

the efficiency of the invisible hand

29
Q

For fukuyama how do states define their national interest?

A

based “on some kind of prior ideological basis, just as we saw that economic behavior is determined by a prior state of consciousness”

30
Q

free market can give access to __—-

A

‘luxuries’

31
Q

Fukuyama focusses on ______ ideals to bring a new era of peace

A

economic

32
Q

Fukuyama focusses on emergence of _________

A

shared economic paradigm

33
Q

What is Thomas Friedman’s idea?

A

a state has “arrived” when it has a McDonald’s

  • countries with McDo’s are less likely to go to war with each other
  • similar to DPT
  • signifies a certain level of economic development, middle-class gets big enough for people to afford luxuries
34
Q

What is the security version of the McDonald’s claim?

A

F-16s

when countries get the US-manufactured F-16, they will likley not go to war against each other