Nuclear Weapons Flashcards
What was the conventional reasoning behind why states build nukes?
Neutralize security threats; there as a last resort if all other means of defense should fail
The idea of nukes being used to neutralize security threats is consistent with what kind of realism?
neo-realism (states are concerned with safety)
What are some other reasons states have nukes?
Domestic factors
- businesses want to make a profit
- countries want prestige
What are the internal factors that could lead to nukes?
- pressures from within the government and military bureaucracy
- reasons of prestige/domestic popularity
What is an example of prestige/domestic popularity with nukes?
In the late 90s, India and Pakistan both tested nuclear weapons. The populations were very excited, celebrated, handed out candy in streets
Nuclear pork
building more nuclear weapons creates jobs and builds factories and infrastructure (example of pork-barrel spending)
what is the scientific-industrial-military complex?
laboratories make nuclear weapons innovations
- they seek more funding and prestige; create coalitions with sponsors within the professional military
- seek support from politicians to allocate state spending
What is the military-industrial complex?
- coined by US pres. Eisenhower in outgoing address (Jun 1961)
- US arms industry was gaining undue influence in politics
- -US arms industry could shape government decision making
What does Sagan argue?
- nuclear weapons are not a solution to a security problem
- security threats are an excuse to develop nuclear weapons programs where there are already domestic pressures
What is the NPT?
- launched in 1970
- prevent countries from developing nukes
- 190 member states
What are some faults of the NPT?
- does not pressure existing nuclear powers to eliminate existing weapons
- non-members haven’t faced and consquences
- states aren’t provided with incentives to join and adhere to NPT
Who are some notable non-members of NPT?
North Korea, Israel, India, and Pakistan (all nuclear powers)
Edelman and company argue that the US “red lines” _______ deter Iran
would not
What do Edelman, etc. believe could happen if Iran becomes a nuclear power?
- embolden Iran and damage Middle East status quo
- diminish US power and influence in the region
- destabilize region because it would become a multipolar nuclear region
- arms race (ex. Saudi Arabia)
What do Edelman, etc. suggest US do?
increase US military presence to boost leverage, deterrence, “back-up” threats