The Elbow Flashcards
What are the bones the elbow is comprised of
Radius, ulna, humerus
What are the joints of the humerus?
Ulnohumeral joint, radiohumeral joint
What are the ulnohumeral and radio humeral ligaments
medial collateral ligament and lateral collateral ligaments.
What encloses the medial and lateral collateral ligaments
The articular capsule
What holds the radial head against the ulna?
The annular ligament
What are the flexors of the elbow
Biceps brachii, brachialis, brachioradialis
Biceps Brachii
Origin: Long Head: Supraglenoid Tubercle of the scapula
Short Head: Tip of the coracoid process
Insertion: Radial Tuberosity and fascia of the forearm via the bicipital aponeurosis
Action: Supinates and flexes the elbow.
Innervation: Musculocutaneous nerve
Brachialis
Origin: Distal 1/2 of the anterior surface of the humerus
Insertion: Coronoid process and tuberosity of the ulna
Action: Flexes the elbow in all positions (in a pronated position).
Innervation: Musculocutaneous nerve
Brachioradialis
Origin: Proximal 2/3 of lateral supracondylar ridge of the humerus
Insertion: Lateral surface of distal end of radius
Action: Flexes elbow joint, especially in semi-pronated position (beer drinking muscle)
Innervation: Radial nerve
Extensors of the elbow
Triceps brachii
Aconeus
Triceps Brachii
Origin: Long Head: Infraglenoid tubercle of the scapula
Lateral head: Posterior surface of the humerus, superior to the radial groove
Medial head: Posterior surface of the humerus, inferior to the radial groove
Insertion: Proximal end of the olecranon of the ulna and fascia of the forearm
Action: Primary extensor of the elbow joint.
Innervation: radial nerve
Anconeus
Origin: Lateral epicondyle of the humerus
Insertion: Lateral surface of the olecranon and superior part of the posterior surface of the ulna
Action: Assists triceps in extending the elbow. Stabilizes elbow joint.
Innervation: Radial nerve
What muscles supinate the forearm?
Biceps brachii, supinator
Supinator
Origin: Lateral epicondyle of the humerus, radial collateral ligament and annular ligaments, supinator fossa, crest of ulna
Insertion: Lateral, posterior, anterior surfaces of proximal 1/3 of the radius
Action: Supinates forearm
Innervation: Deep branch of radial nerve
What muscles pronate the forearm?
Pronator quadratus and pronator teres
Pronator quadratus
Origin: Distal 1/4 of anterior surface of the ulna
Insertion: Distal 1/4 anterior surface of the radius
Action: Pronates forearm; deep fibres bind radius and ulan together
Innervation: Anterior interosseus nerve from median nerve
Pronator teres
Origin: Humeral head: Medial epicondyle of the humerus
Ulnar head: Coranoid process of the ulna
Insertion: Middle convexity of the lateral surface of the radius
Action: Pronates the forearm and flexes the elbow
Innervation: Median Nerve
What is the wrist comprised of?
Ulna, radius, carpals
What are the bones of the writs (SLTPTTCH)
Scaphoid, Lunate, triquetrium, pisiform, trapezium, trapezoid, hamate
What are the joints of the wrist?
Radiocarpal, mid-carpal, intercarpal
What are the radiocarpal ligaments?
Posterior ligament, anterior ligament, radial collateral, ulnar collateral
What are the carpal joint ligaments:
Anterior and posterior interosseus carpal ligaments, flexor retinaculum (main)
What does the flexor retinaculum create?
Carpal tunnel
What are the movements of the wrist?
Flexion, extension, ulnar and radial deviation
What are the flexors of the wrist?
Flexor carpi radialis, flexor carpi ulnaris, palmaris longus
Flexor Carpi Radialis
Origin: Medial epicondyle of the humerus
Insertion: Base of the second metacarpal
Action: Flexes and radially deviates wrist joint
Innervation: Median nerve
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Origin: Humeral head: Medial epicondyle of the humeus
Ulnar head: Olecranon
Insertion: Pisiform, hook of hamate, 5th metacarpal bone
Action: flexes and ulnar deviates wrist
Innervation: Ulnar nerve
Palmaris Longus
Origin: Medial epicondyle of the humerus
Insertion: Distal half of the flexor retinaculum and palmar aponeurosis
Action: Flexes wrist and tightens palmar aponeurosis
Innervation: Median neve
What are the extensors of the wrist?
Extensor carpi radialis longus (outer)
Extensor carpi radialis brevis (middle)
Extensor carpi ulnaris (most lateral)
Extensor carpi radialis longus
Origin: lateral supracondylar ridge of the humerus
Insertion: Base of 2nd metacarpal
Action: Extend and radially deviate the wrist joint
Innervation: Radial nerve
Extensor carpi radialis brevis
Origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus
Insertion: Base of 3rd metacarpal
Action: extension of wrist. Radially deviates.
Innervation: Deep branch of radial nerve
Extensor carpi ulnaris
Origin: Lateral epicondyle of humerus and posterior border of the ulna
Insertion: Base of 5th metacarpal
Action: Extends wrist
Innervation: Deep branch of radial nerve
What muscles ulnarlly deviate the wrist
Extensor carpi ulnaris
Flexor carpi ulnarisq
What muscles radially deviate the wrist
Extensor carpi radialis longus+brevis
Flexor carpi radialis
