The Elbow Flashcards

1
Q

What are the bones the elbow is comprised of

A

Radius, ulna, humerus

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2
Q

What are the joints of the humerus?

A

Ulnohumeral joint, radiohumeral joint

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3
Q

What are the ulnohumeral and radio humeral ligaments

A

medial collateral ligament and lateral collateral ligaments.

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4
Q

What encloses the medial and lateral collateral ligaments

A

The articular capsule

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5
Q

What holds the radial head against the ulna?

A

The annular ligament

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6
Q

What are the flexors of the elbow

A

Biceps brachii, brachialis, brachioradialis

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7
Q

Biceps Brachii

A

Origin: Long Head: Supraglenoid Tubercle of the scapula
Short Head: Tip of the coracoid process
Insertion: Radial Tuberosity and fascia of the forearm via the bicipital aponeurosis
Action: Supinates and flexes the elbow.
Innervation: Musculocutaneous nerve

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8
Q

Brachialis

A

Origin: Distal 1/2 of the anterior surface of the humerus
Insertion: Coronoid process and tuberosity of the ulna
Action: Flexes the elbow in all positions (in a pronated position).
Innervation: Musculocutaneous nerve

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9
Q

Brachioradialis

A

Origin: Proximal 2/3 of lateral supracondylar ridge of the humerus
Insertion: Lateral surface of distal end of radius
Action: Flexes elbow joint, especially in semi-pronated position (beer drinking muscle)
Innervation: Radial nerve

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10
Q

Extensors of the elbow

A

Triceps brachii
Aconeus

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11
Q

Triceps Brachii

A

Origin: Long Head: Infraglenoid tubercle of the scapula
Lateral head: Posterior surface of the humerus, superior to the radial groove
Medial head: Posterior surface of the humerus, inferior to the radial groove
Insertion: Proximal end of the olecranon of the ulna and fascia of the forearm
Action: Primary extensor of the elbow joint.
Innervation: radial nerve

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12
Q

Anconeus

A

Origin: Lateral epicondyle of the humerus
Insertion: Lateral surface of the olecranon and superior part of the posterior surface of the ulna
Action: Assists triceps in extending the elbow. Stabilizes elbow joint.
Innervation: Radial nerve

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13
Q

What muscles supinate the forearm?

A

Biceps brachii, supinator

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14
Q

Supinator

A

Origin: Lateral epicondyle of the humerus, radial collateral ligament and annular ligaments, supinator fossa, crest of ulna
Insertion: Lateral, posterior, anterior surfaces of proximal 1/3 of the radius
Action: Supinates forearm
Innervation: Deep branch of radial nerve

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15
Q

What muscles pronate the forearm?

A

Pronator quadratus and pronator teres

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16
Q

Pronator quadratus

A

Origin: Distal 1/4 of anterior surface of the ulna
Insertion: Distal 1/4 anterior surface of the radius
Action: Pronates forearm; deep fibres bind radius and ulan together
Innervation: Anterior interosseus nerve from median nerve

17
Q

Pronator teres

A

Origin: Humeral head: Medial epicondyle of the humerus
Ulnar head: Coranoid process of the ulna
Insertion: Middle convexity of the lateral surface of the radius
Action: Pronates the forearm and flexes the elbow
Innervation: Median Nerve

18
Q

What is the wrist comprised of?

A

Ulna, radius, carpals

19
Q

What are the bones of the writs (SLTPTTCH)

A

Scaphoid, Lunate, triquetrium, pisiform, trapezium, trapezoid, hamate

20
Q

What are the joints of the wrist?

A

Radiocarpal, mid-carpal, intercarpal

21
Q

What are the radiocarpal ligaments?

A

Posterior ligament, anterior ligament, radial collateral, ulnar collateral

22
Q

What are the carpal joint ligaments:

A

Anterior and posterior interosseus carpal ligaments, flexor retinaculum (main)

23
Q

What does the flexor retinaculum create?

A

Carpal tunnel

24
Q

What are the movements of the wrist?

A

Flexion, extension, ulnar and radial deviation

25
What are the flexors of the wrist?
Flexor carpi radialis, flexor carpi ulnaris, palmaris longus
26
Flexor Carpi Radialis
Origin: Medial epicondyle of the humerus Insertion: Base of the second metacarpal Action: Flexes and radially deviates wrist joint Innervation: Median nerve
27
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Origin: Humeral head: Medial epicondyle of the humeus Ulnar head: Olecranon Insertion: Pisiform, hook of hamate, 5th metacarpal bone Action: flexes and ulnar deviates wrist Innervation: Ulnar nerve
28
Palmaris Longus
Origin: Medial epicondyle of the humerus Insertion: Distal half of the flexor retinaculum and palmar aponeurosis Action: Flexes wrist and tightens palmar aponeurosis Innervation: Median neve
29
What are the extensors of the wrist?
Extensor carpi radialis longus (outer) Extensor carpi radialis brevis (middle) Extensor carpi ulnaris (most lateral)
30
Extensor carpi radialis longus
Origin: lateral supracondylar ridge of the humerus Insertion: Base of 2nd metacarpal Action: Extend and radially deviate the wrist joint Innervation: Radial nerve
31
Extensor carpi radialis brevis
Origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus Insertion: Base of 3rd metacarpal Action: extension of wrist. Radially deviates. Innervation: Deep branch of radial nerve
32
Extensor carpi ulnaris
Origin: Lateral epicondyle of humerus and posterior border of the ulna Insertion: Base of 5th metacarpal Action: Extends wrist Innervation: Deep branch of radial nerve
33
What muscles ulnarlly deviate the wrist
Extensor carpi ulnaris Flexor carpi ulnarisq
34
What muscles radially deviate the wrist
Extensor carpi radialis longus+brevis Flexor carpi radialis