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Third Year > Midterm 2 muscles > Flashcards

Midterm 2 muscles Flashcards

1
Q

What muscles flex the hand (Extrinsic)

A

Flexor digitorum superficialis, flexor digitorum profundus

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2
Q

Flexor Digitorum Superficialis

A

O: Humeroulnar head: medial epicondyle of the humerus, ulnar collateral ligament, coranoid process of the ulna.
radial heal: Superior half of anterior border of humerus
I: Shafts of middle phalanges 2-5
Action: Flexes middle phalanges at PIP, and can aid flexion at MCP and wrist
Inn: median

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3
Q

Flexor Digitorum Profundus

A

O: Proximal 3/4 medial and anterior surfaces of the ulna and interosseous membrane
I: Base of distal phalanx of digits 2-5
A: Flexion of distal phalanx 2-5 at distal interphalangeal joints
Inn: Medial part: ulnar
Lateral part: median

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4
Q

What muscles extend the hand (extrinsic)

A

Extensor digitorum, extensor digiti minimi, extensor indicis

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5
Q

Extensor digitorum

A

O: Lateral epicondyle
I: Extensor expansion of medial 4 digits
A: Extends hand at metacarpophalangeal joints, extends at wrist
Inn: radial

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6
Q

Extensor digiti minimi:

A

O: Lateral epicondyle
I: Extensor expansion at 5th digit
A: Extend 5th digit at the metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal joints
Inn: radial

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7
Q

Extensor indicis

A

O: Posterior surface of the ulna and interosseous membrane
I: Extensor expansion of the 2nd digit
A: Extends 2nd digit, aids extend hand at wrist
Inn: Radial

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8
Q

What are the actions of the thumb?

A

Flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, oppisitions, reposition

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9
Q

What muscle flexes the thumb (extrinsic)

A

Flexor pollicis longus

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10
Q

What muscle abducts the thumb (extrinsic)?

A

Abductor pollicis longus

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11
Q

What muscles extend the thumb (extrinsic)?

A

Extensor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis

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12
Q

Flexor pollicis longus

A

O: anterior surface of the radius and adjacent interosseous membrane
I: Base of distal phalanx of thumb
A: Flexes thumb
Inn: median

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13
Q

Abductor pollicis longus

A

O: Posterior surface of radius, ulna, and interosseous membrane
I: Base of 1st metacarpal
A: Abducts thumb, extends thumb at carpometacarpal joint
Inn: radial

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14
Q

Extensor pollicis longus

A

O: Posterior 1/3 surface of ulna and interosseous membrane
I: Base of distal phalanx of thumb
A: Extends distal phalanx of thumb at carpometacarpal and interphalangeal joints
Inn: radial

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15
Q

Extensor pollicis brevis

A

O: posterior surfaces of radius and interosseous membrane
I: Proximal phalanx of the thumb
A: extends proximal phalanx of the thumb at carpometacarpal joint
Inn: radial

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16
Q

Intrinsic hand muscles

A

interossei, lumbricals, thenars (pinkey), hypothenars (thumb)

17
Q

Interossei:

A

7 total
4-dorsal (abducts the hand)
3-palmer (adducts the hand)
Innervated by ulnar nerve

18
Q

Lumbricals:

A

4 total
Originates of flexor digitorum profundus
Action: Flexes MCP, extends IP joints 2-5
1-2 innervated by medial
2-4 innervated by ulnar

19
Q

Hypothenars

A

4 total:
Abductor digiti minimi
Flexor digiti minimi
Oppens digiti minimi
Palmaris Brevis–acts as protection of structures, aids grip
Innervates ulnar nerve

20
Q

Thenars

A

4 total:
Abductor pollicis
Flexor pollicis brevis
Oppens pollicis
Adductor pollicis– 2 heads, transverse and oblique

First 3 innervated by median nerve
Adductor pollicis innervated vy ulnar nerve

21
Q

What are the muscles of the neck

A

Sternocleidomastoid, scalenes

22
Q

Sternocleidomastoid

A

O: manubrium of sternum, medial portion of clavicle
I: Mastoid process of temporal bone, superior nuchal line
A: Unilaterally: contralateral cervical rotation, ipsilateral flexion of cervical spine
Bilaterally: cervical flexion, assists with forced inhalation–by elevating sternum
Inn: Accessory Nerve

23
Q

Scalenes

A

There are three (ant,med,post)
O: Cervical vertebrae (2-7)
I: First and second ribs
Action: Elevation of first and second ribs, lateral flexion of neck. Assists with forced inhalation by elevating first 2 ribs
Ipsilateral lateral flexion

24
Q

What muscles make up the erector spinae

A

Illiocostalis, longissiumus, spinalis

25
Q

Spinalis

A

Skinniest, most medial. Extends the vertebral column.

26
Q

Longissimus

A

Middle muscle, extends the vertebral column. Also laterally flexes vertebral column

27
Q

Illiocostalis

A

Most lateral. Aids with extension, lateral flexion.

28
Q

What is the thoracic portion of the erector spinae?

A

Longissimus and illiocostalis. They are stabilizers, made of slow twitch fibres. More mitochondrial dense. The line of action is parallel to column. Greatest mechanical advantage for extension.

29
Q

What is the lumbar portion of the erector spinae.

A

Longissimus and illiocostalis. More a mix of slow and fast twitch, more force is produced here. Fibres run at a 45 degree angle to the column. Creates the oblique angle and creates a mechanical advantage for creating posterior shear forces to protect from compression and anterior forces.

30
Q

Multifidus

A

Run entire length of the column but are small. Extend, but these are localized muscles that allow for corrections at specific joints. Between 2-4 vertebrae.

31
Q

Rotatores

A

“Rotators” of the spine. Limited aid to rotation. Have more of a proprioceptive function

32
Q

Quadratus Lumborum (QL)

A

O: Illiac crest and illiolumbar ligament.
I: Base of 12th rib and transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae.
A: Unilateral: lateral flexion of vertebral column
Bilateral: depression of rib cage
* Research shows its a stabilizer because it doesn’t shorten in length during contraction, because lumbar spine is less stable.

33
Q

Muscles of the abdominal wall:

A

rectus abdominus, external oblique, internal oblique, transverse abdominus

34
Q

Rectus Abdominus

A

O: Crest of pubis
I: Costal cartridges of ribs 5-7, xiphoid process
A: flexion of lumbar spine

35
Q

External Oblique

A

O: Ribs 5-12
I: Illiac crest, pubic tubercle, linea alba
A: Contralateral flexion of torso
Fibres run down and medial

36
Q

Internal Oblique

A

O: Iniguinal ligament, illiac crest, lumbodorsal fascia
I: linea alba, ribs 10-12
A: Unilateral: Ipsilateral trunk rotation
Bilateral: Compresses abdomen
Fibres run up and medial

37
Q

Transverse abdominis

A

O: illiac crest, inguinal ligament, thoracolumbar fascia, costal cartildges 7-12
I: Xiphoid process, linea alba, pubic crest
A: Compresses abdominal cavity, stabilize spine
Fibres run lat-med, across

Third Year (7 decks)

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