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Third Year > Shoulder Girdle-origin/insertion/action > Flashcards

Shoulder Girdle-origin/insertion/action Flashcards

1
Q

What is the shoulder/pectoral girdle?

A

The attachment point of the upper-limb to the axial skeleton

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2
Q

What is the relationship between stability and mobility?

A

If something has high mobility then its stability is poor and vice versa

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3
Q

Does the shoulder girdle have high mobility or stability?

A

High mobility due to ball and socket, therfore prone to injury.

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4
Q

What are the 7 joints/articulations of the pectoral girdle?

A

sternocostal, sternoclavicular, acromioclavicular, glenohumeral, costovertebral, scapulothoracic, interclavicular

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5
Q

What is the range of motion and joint type for the Sternoclavicular joint?

A

Saddle joint. Movements include full elevation to 60 degrees between the clavicle and midline. Anterior and posterior movement. 25-30 degree protraction and retraction

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6
Q

What are the ligaments of the sternoclavicular joint?

A

Interclavicular, costoclavicular, sternoclavicular

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7
Q

Interclavicular Ligament

A

Limits superior and lateral displacement of the clavicle

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8
Q

Costoclavicular Ligament

A

Main support, limits all ranges of motion except depression

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9
Q

Sternoclavicular ligament

A

Limits anterior and posterior glide of clavicle

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10
Q

What is the acromioclavicular joint type?

A

Plane joint

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11
Q

What does the acromioclavicular do?

A

Serves as a restriction to over-head arm movements

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12
Q

What are the ligaments of the acromioclavicular joint?

A

Coracoclavicular, acromioclavicular, coracoacromioal

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13
Q

Coracoclavicular ligament

A

Conoid and trapezoid, primary restraint to vertical displacement

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14
Q

Acromioclavicular ligament

A

Prevents separation of clavicle and scapula. Prevents posterior and anterior displacement

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15
Q

Coracoacromial ligament

A

Forms roof over the glenohumeral joint. Protection for bursa and supraspinatus tendon. Provides limit to superior humeral head movement

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16
Q

Scapulothoracic joint.

A

Physiologic articulation between rib cage and scapula.

17
Q

What are the movements of the scapulothoracic joint?

A

Elevation, depression, adduction, abduction, upward rotation, downward rotation

18
Q

What is the function of the scapulothoracic joint?

A

Allows the arm to abduct beyonf 120 degrees. Allowed by the glenohumeral joint, 1 degree of scapular rotation for every 2 degrees of humeral abduction.

19
Q

What three directions does the scapulothoracic joint move in?

A

Protraction and retraction (30-60), superior and inferior rotation (60), elevation and depression (30)

20
Q

What are the muscles that protract the scapula?

A

Serratus anterior, pectoralis major, and pectoralis minor

21
Q

What muscles retract the scapula?

A

Trapezius (middle part) and the rhomboids

22
Q

Serratus Anterior:

A

Origin: External layer of the lateral parts of rubs 1-8
Insertion: Anterior surface of the medial border of the scapula
Action: Protracts the scapula and holds it against the thoracic wall; rotates the scapula in an upward direction
Innervation: Long thoracic nerve

23
Q

What does a blow to the serratus anterior induce

A

Winging

24
Q

Pectoralis Major

A

Origin: 2 heads, clavicular head (anterior surface of the medial half of the clavicle) and sternocostal head (anterior surface of the sternum, superior six costal cartilages, aponeurosis of external oblique muscle)
Insertion: Lateral lip of the intertubercular groove of the humerus
Actions: Adducts and medially rotates the humerus. Draws the scapula anteriorly and inferiorly. Acting alone the clavicular head flexes the humerus, and the sternocostal head will extend the humerus from a flexed position.
Innervation: Lateral and medical pectoral nerves. Clavicular head, sternocostal head.

25
Q

Pectoralis Minor

A

Origin: Ant. surface of ribs 3,4,5
Insertion: Coracoid process of the scapula
Action; anchors, depresses, protracts the scapula
Innervation: medical pectoral

26
Q

Trapezius (Middle fibers)

A

Origin: Spinous processes of the first-fifth thoracic vertebrae
Insertion: Medial margin of the acromion and superior lip of the spine of scapula
Action: retracts scapula
Innervation: Spinal accessory nerve

27
Q

Rhomboids

A

Origin: Spinous processes of the thoracic vertebrae 2-5 (major). Ligamenteum Nuchae, spinous process of 7th cervical and 1st thoracic vertebrae (minor)
Insertion; Fibrous attachment to the medial border of the scapula between the spine and inferior angle (major). Medial border of the scapula, at the root of the spine of the scapula (minor).
Action: Adducts and elevates the scapula, downwardly rotates the scapula
Innervation: Dorsal scapular nerve

28
Q

Which muscles elevate the scapula

A

Levator scapulae, trapezius, rhomboids

29
Q

Trapezius (upper fibres)

A

Origin: External occipital protuberance, ligamentum nuchae and spinous process of the 7th cervical vertebrae
Insertion: Lateral 1/3 of the clavicle and acromion process of scapula
Action: Elevates scapula
Innervation: Spinal Accessory nerve

30
Q

Levator Scapulae

A

Origin: Transverse processes of the first 4 cervical vertebrae
Insertion: Medial border of the scapula, between the superior angle and the root of the spine
Action: Elevates scapula and assists with downward rotation of the scapula. Can also assist with lateral flextion of c-spine or extension of the c-spine if the scapula is stabilized by other muscles
Innervation: Cervical 3+4 and dorsal scapular nerve

31
Q

What muscles cause depression of the scapula?

A

Trapezius (lower part) , subclavius, pectoralis minor, gravity

32
Q

Trapezius (lower fibres)

A

Origin: Spinous processes of the 6th-12th thoracic vertebrae
Insertion; Tubercle at the apex of the spine of the scapula
Action: Depresses the scapula
Innervation: Spinal accessory nerve

33
Q

Which muscles rotate the scapula upward?

A

Trapezius (upper/lower fibres), serratus anterior

34
Q

Which muscles downwardly rotate the scapula?

A

Levator scapulae, rhomboids, pectoralis minor, gravity

Third Year (7 decks)

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